The Four Muscles Of The Respiratory System

The respiratory system’s organs bring in oxygen by inhaling and remove carbon dioxide by exhaling. Oxygen travels through the trachea, pharynx, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. At the alveoli gas exchange occurs in which oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream of the circulatory system, and carbon dioxide is removed from the bloodstream and exhaled. The close connection of these two body systems is important to note when analyzing the effects of smoking on each system separately.

The thorax is similar to an airtight box that holds the bronchial tree, lungs, heart, and other structures. The top and sides of the thorax are formed by the ribs and attached muscles, and the bottom is formed by diaphragm which is a large muscle. The chest walls form a protective cage around the lungs and other contents of the chest cavity.

The act of breathing starts from the mouth. You breathe in air through your mouth and nose, and it travels through the back of your throat and down your wind pipe or trachea. Your trachea the divides itself into air passages called bronchial tubes. For your Lungs to perform at their best these passages needed to be clear during inhaling and exhaling. And free from mucus swelling and inflammation.

The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. The system functions to bring in air and extract oxygen and remove carbon dioxide*. The body can hold 4 to 6 minutes worth of oxygen so the respiratory system must work at all times to prevent death. There are multiple parts to the respiratory system for example, the nose has nostrils or nares. It contains a nasal septum which divides the nose into hollow spaces called nasal cavities. The nose filters the air with the mucus produced. Also located in the nose are the olfactory receptors, and nasolacrimal ducts. The sinuses which are resonating chambers of cavities located in the skull. A larger part of the respiratory system is the pharynx also known as the throat. It is located directly behind the nasal area, divided into three parts; nasopharynx(upper portion), Oropharynx(middle portion), Laryngopharynx (lower portion). The larynx also known as the “voice box” located between the trachea and pharynx. Trachea also known as the windpipe extends from the larynx to the center of the chest; its functions to carry air between the pharynx and bronchi. The bronchi function to carry air to the lungs. The right bronchus is more vertical, shorter, and wider compared to the left.Bronchi continue to branch off into smaller bronchioles, the smallest is called terminal bronchioles which deliver air to the alveoli. 500 million alveoli, which have a rich network of capillaries needed for exchange of oxygen and CO2( taken place

I have chosen the respiratory system as my body system. It removes the carbon dioxide from the body whilst providing the body with the oxygen that it needs. There are 5 main key processes that the respiratory system control.

I then cut the sternal part of the diaphragm and continued cutting the costal part of the diaphragm close to the inner rims of the ribs. I then severed the right side of the rib cage from the sternum and cut the costo-chondral articulation from the last articulation and towards the first rib. To expose the thoracic organs I then detached the wall of the rib cage by cutting the neck of the ribs and the intercostal muscles associated with

This study demonstrated that thoracolumbar manipulation and diaphragm release technique applied to anatomical attachment areas of the diaphragm had a beneficial effect on diaphragm strength. Subjects in the treatment group, who received diaphragm release directly to the lower part of the chest just at the last four ribs on both sides then followed by manipulation techniques to thoracolumbar junction (lower thoracic/upper lumbar vertebra T12-L1). The thumb was placed underneath the both hemi-diaphragm just below the xiphoid process of the sternum and the rest of the fingers over the rib cage at rib 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th and abdominal diaphragm which are demonstrated in abdominal breathing increasing in the harmony movements in relation to the chest movement of the breathing pattern. Prior to the applying the diaphragm technique all the participants were evaluated from breathing and chest movement point of view; most of them were upper chest breather and this is an indication of diaphragm

The main organs of the respiratory system are the lungs – they are the location where the gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. The lungs therefore expand when you breathe in, and retract when you breathe out. This is done through the diaphragm – a sheet of muscle that is positioned under the lungs. As one inhales, their diaphragm contracts and moves itself downward, increasing the space for your lungs to expand to. The ribs also move to enlarge the possible area the lungs can expand to. This pressure causes air to be sucked through the body to the lungs. When one exhales, the opposite takes place – the diaphragm moves upwards and returns to normal, allowing the process to happen again.

Cough is a defensive airway reflex consisting of a sequence of respiratory mechanical events: large inspiratory effort, transient closure of the larynx, and powerful expulsive effort. These respiratory mechanical events are caused by intense contractions of inspiratory muscles, such as the diaphragm, expiratory laryngeal muscles, chest wall, and abdominal muscles. Motoneurons innervating these muscles are located in the brainstem and spinal cord and are controlled by a network of neurons known as the cough pattern generator. The cough pattern generator receives information regarding the mechanical and chemical status of the airways from sensory afferents in the lungs and larynx with axons in the vagus and superior laryngeal nerves. When the

This occurs when the the intercostal muscles contract and the thorax found in the ribs moves

The diaphragm is the main muscle of respiration. Contraction of the diaphragm muscle expands the lungs when one is breathing air in(during

As we breathe in, the muscles in the chest wall force the thoracic area, ribs and connective muscles to contract and expand the chest. The diaphragm is contracted and moves down as the area inside the chest increases as air enters the lungs. The lungs are forced open by this expansion and the pressure inside the lungs becomes enough that it pulls

Which muscles are respiratory muscles? The muscles of inspiration are the diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, and other accessory muscles that include Scalenes (which elevate the first 2 ribs), sternocleidomastoid (which raises the sternum), Serratus anterior, Pectoralis minor, and Alae nasi (which flares the nostrils during inspiration) (Cite Source). (The muscles of expiration are the abdominals, which include the rectus abdominis, internal Obliques, external Obliques, and transversus abdominis, and the internal intercostal muscles (Cite Source).Understanding which muscles are involved with inspiration and expiration can help the physical therapist develop a plan of care for a child with respiratory muscular weakness. The respiratory muscles are innervated by nerves and controlled by the high centers in the brain (Cite Source). The medulla and pons are responsible for the involuntary breathing patterns and respiratory reflexes

The sternocleidomastoid are muscles that are considered accessory. They are active for inhalation when needs increase or during high lung volumes as in hyperinflation. These muscles pull the sternum up and increase the size of the upper rib cage in the AP dimension, sometimes taught as pump handle elevation. These accessory muscles are affected by the position of the diaphragm and changes in the ZOA.10Kyndy The diaphragm displaces the abdomen and the rib cage equally during quiet breathing. If the resting tone in the oblique abdominals is insufficient, more than half of the expansion would go into abdominal expansion allowing for superior migration of the anterior aspect of the rib cage. This would decrease the ZOA, change the muscle lengths

Inhalation and exhalation may also be forced. The muscles of forced inhalation are used during deep inhalation, as seen during heavy exercise. The muscles of forced exhalation are used during hard exhalation, such as when coughing. The muscles of forced inhalation include the serratus posterior