The Four Properties of a Transaction

There are three main integrated theories that explain delinquent behaviors committed by juveniles. They are the General Theory of Crime, the Social Process Theory, and the Interactional Theory. After researching each theory, I believe that Terence P. Thornberry's Interactional Theory best explains why children commit crimes. This essay will explain in great detail the Interactional theory and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.

Be sure to provide a detailed explanation of relational databases along with their associated business advantages.

* Write clearly and concisely about relational database management systems using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.

A relational database is a database that consists of a collection of tables with columns showing entities, and rows showing data. This type of database uses a primary key and foreign key. The foreign key in another table will point to the primary key of a table, and this is how tables can relate to each other. This permits for one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationship between the data. An advantage of relational databases includes the ease of adding or modifying new tables and entities without needing to change the structure of the database already in place. Relational database have many features, including indexing, setting data type, and setting validation tests, all these help to ensure data integrity.

Values Are Atomic: The values in columns are normalized and they are atomic. For instance a Name column is further broken down into first middle and last name. Also the salutation is not stored in name column thus making a cell atomic within relation.

Attention to detail, dealing with databases means not always getting the expected results. Some times you have to modify tables multiple times before you get the correct outputs so attention to detail is a main factor when you are dealing specially with large databases.

The purpose of normalization is to create a stable set of relations is representative of the operations of an enterprise. By doing this we are able to reduce redundancy to save space and avoid inconsistencies in data. It also ensures that the design is free of certain updates, insertions, and deletion anomalies (Ricardo, 2012). With normalization as with most anything else there are advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of normalization are: ACID, which stands for atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. Atomicity means the transaction is a single unit. Either the entire set of actions is carried out or is not.

If an transaction is accomplished in a database and committed, the changes are engaged to the previous state of transaction by

* Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): It is a type of information system. TPSs collect, store, modify, and retrieve the transactions of an organization. A transaction is an event that generates or modifies data that is eventually stored in an information system. To be considered a transaction processing system the computer must pass the ACID test. The essence of a transaction program is that it manages data that must be left in a consistent state (Wikipedia.com).

OK Dancing? Transactional Analysis Perspective Why More Women than Men Are DMT Professionals and Clients

The four elements of a valid contract are offer and acceptance, meeting of the minds, consideration and competent parties. The contract must cover a legal purpose or objective as well (Binder, 2012). The objective theory of contracts holds that contract formation is dependent on what is communicated, rather than what is thought by one of the parties (Barnes, 2008).

In T.A. the life-script is an important concept as all transactions, games, ego-states and the concepts they encompass relate to the re-enforcement of an individual’s life script. Berne defined life-script as;

An offer is an expression of willingness by one party to contract on certain terms with another party with the understanding that the contract will become binding when accepted by the person to whom it is offered. An offer may be made in different ways, such as in a letter, an email, or even your behavior, so long as it conveys the basis on which the offering party is willing to contract. An offer should consist of: (1) a statement of present intent by the offering party to enter into a contract; (2) a specific proposal that is certain in its terms; and (3) a communication that identifies the person to whom the offer is made. If any of these elements are not present, an offer has not been made. (Walker, C. B., 2012)

A contract is a written or spoken agreement between two or more parties that involves the exchange of two promises, which is intended to be enforceable by law. The four basic elements are the offer, consideration, acceptance, and mutuality. When elements are broken down individually, each one is just as important as the next. If one of these elements are broken or misunderstood, it could mean result in the contractual agreement becoming not valid and end in lawsuit. The overall purpose of the contract is for legal purpose and to keep a order within an agreement.

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