The Frog Heart And The Frog Heart

In this experiment, the external and internal structures of a sheep’s heart was examined and identified by dissection. To determine the functionality of a human heart since they are both mammals.

Ectothermic animals are animals whose body temperature is affected by their surroundings. This means that if the environment is cold the animal will be cold. If the environment is warm the animal will be warm. This is because the animal doesn’t have the capability of regulating its body systems to keep a constant body temperature. When an ectothermic animal is cold, its heart rate will lower. When the animal is warmer, the heart rate will raise – as long as the temperature isn’t sufficiently high to harm the animal. (Campbell, 2005)

Poe was very involved in the gothic movement. He influenced gothic writing like no one else of his time. In all three of our stories “The Cask of Amontillado,” “Hop-Frog,” and “The Tell-Tale Heart” we can see gothicism at its finest. Poe was a master of writing in the gothic form, he did an especially wonderful job in “The Cask of Amontillado.” In “The Cask of Amontillado,” our main character is Montresor. He has a grudge against a man named Fortunato for a reason that was never explained. The only thing we know about it is that in the first sentence the story states “THE thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as best I could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge.” Now this is all we know about what Fortunato’s insult that

An electrical stimulus was applied to the heart; the following graph shows the refractory period of the frog’s heart when an extra-systole was induced. It can be seen that right after the recording was marked “Refractory 3,” an extra-systole was detected.

In a normal human being the heart correctly functions by the blood first entering through the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava. This blood flow continues through the right atrioventricular valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts forcing the pulmonary valve to open leading blood flow through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk. Blood is then distributed from the right and left pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is unloaded and oxygen is loaded into the blood. The blood is returned from the lungs to the left

Oxygen and nutrients the body requires for function are pumped around this complex network of blood vessels by the heart. At roughly the size of a human fist, the heart is a four-chambered muscle and performs two functions of circulation simultaneously and continuously. Systemic and pulmonary circulation. The heart is made up from three separate layers of cardiac tissue; the outer layer called the pericardium, which is a double sac-like outer covering with serous fluid inside to keep the middle layer, the myocardium from adhering to the outer layer. This middle layer of the heart is the heart muscle which is thicker on the left side, to aid with the pressure needed to sustain systemic circulation. The inner layer of the heart is the endocardium. It’s lining is smooth to help prevent the blood which circulates around the inside of the heart from clotting. The heart is the human body’s in-built pacemaker, and the electrical signals sent through the it cause the heart to contract and relax. This process is triggered by the autonomic nervous system and the contraction and relaxing cycle is

The heart is a very strong muscle that has one major job. The heart’s job is to pump blood throughout the entire body. The heart is made up of 4 chambers, and 4 valves. There is the right and left atrium, and a right and left ventricle. The atriums are the superior chambers, and the ventricles are inferior chambers. The left ventricle is the most important, because that is where the blood travels through to go to the aorta, and eventually the rest of the body (Taylor 2015).

Acetylcholine is found at the peripheral nervous system and synapses in the central nervous system within the human body. Acetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter that conducts electrical impulses, allowing nerve cells to communicate with muscle cells and generate muscle contractions. However, acetylcholine produces an inhibitory effect in cardiac muscle. (Waymire, 1997) Therefore, once the Daphnia are exposed to acetylcholine, their heart rate is expected to decline. In contrast, epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone which binds to the beta adrenergic receptors in the heart leading to increases in the firing rate of the pacemaker cells. (Meyers, 2011) Therefore, the Daphnia’s heart rate is expected to increase with exposure to

The main characters in “Hop-Frog” and “The Tell-Tale Heart” endure a vile nature of their own, even though what they committed was for self-uprightness from the external sinister forces. Hop-Frog’s appearance appears to be acquitted and inoffensive in the beginning of the story. However, Hop-Frog’s internal aggression and insanity are ignited due to many extreme external factors such as the king’s abusive power and Trippetta’s humiliation. During the climactic scene, Hop-Frog declares that he can distinct the king and the ministers as beasts for inhumanely degrades him and Trippetta. His statement seems to be proving a point of justice and equality; conversely, his brutal murder of the king and the ministers opposes the idea of bringing justice. Hop-Frog declares, “ ‘I now see distinctly,’ […] ‘what manner of people theses maskers are. They are a great king and his seven privy-councillors, -a king who does not scruple to strike a defenseless girl, and his seven councilors who abet him in the outrage’ ” (Poe 1255). Hop-Frog distinctively relates the king and the ministers to a corrupted hierarchical system, which is consisted of a merciless king and irrational ministers who do not bring justice and equality. In the contradiction, Hop-Frog is also the one that performs an act of sin, which he brutally sets the king and the ministers on blazes. “Hop-Frog” is a story full of irony and twisted scenarios, where the injustice transpires and alters one’s mind that even a righteous

The goal: To identify the difference in severity of FH for the homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. Also, to learn about statins.

2. Discuss the anatomical differences between frog and human hearts. The frog heart has a single ventricle and two atria.

This node produces electrical impulses that spread across the surface of each chamber, causing them to contract. The signals begin by spreading through the atria. As the atria contract, the blood within is forced through the corresponding valves into the ventricles.

Mammals have four-chambered hearts and double circulation. The double-loop circulation is similar to amphibians and reptiles, but the oxygen-rich blood is completely separated from oxygen-poor blood. The left side of the heart handles only oxygenated blood, and the right side receives and pumps only deoxygenated blood. With no mixing of the two kinds of blood, and with a double circulation, delivery of oxygen to all parts of the body is enhanced. The gross anatomy of the human heart is the same as the sheep’s heart that was dissected. The heart is located, between the lungs, and behind the sternum. At least one blood vessel attaches to each of the chambers. It usually beats from 60 to 100 times per minute, but can go much faster when it needs to. It beats about 100,000 times a day, more than 30 million times per year, and about 2.5 billion times in a 70-year lifetime.

A healthy heart pumps blood continuously through the circlutory system. It’s normal size is a little larger than a fist. The heart has four chambers, two on the right and two on the left. The two upper chambers are called the atria and the lower two are known as the ventricles. The right atrium takes in deoxygenated blood from the rest of body and sends it back out to the lungs through the right ventricle where the blood becomes oxygenated. Oxygenated blood travels from the lungs to the left atrium, then onto the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.

This lab was performed to examine the function of the heart in frogs and observe the effects of temperature, hormones and blocking agents on autonomic control. It was found that when the heart was bathed with cold saline, the mean amplitude of heart contraction decreased by 35%, and the mean heart rate decreased by 34% when compared to the amplitude and heart rate with warm saline. When varying concentrations of acetylcholine were put on the heart, there was very little change in the amplitude of heart contraction. Similarly, there was very little change in heart rate when using concentrations of 10-8 to 10-5 M of acetylcholine, but heart rate dropped 20% from 10-5 to 10-4. When d-tubocurarine was used as a blocking agent, heart rate increased 31%. Similar results were found when using adrenaline on the heart. There was very little change in amplitude of heart contraction, but there was a 15% increase in heart rate from 10-5M to 10-4M, with little fluctuations between 10-8M and 10-5M. When propranolol was applied, mean heart rate decreased by 11%.