The Function Of The Cardiac Adipose Stem Cells Essay

This new research uses the scaffolding technique combined with stem cells to grow a heart. The new breakthrough was made using poor quality donated hearts. There were first stripped of heart tissue, leaving only the scaffolding of the heart. All of the tissue must be gone so that a potential patient won't risk rejection.

Therefore, much of the critic’s arguments are invalid due to the fact that the embryo won’t develop into a child. Stem cells are the beginning of an enormous scientific breakthrough, a breakthrough that critics are simply putting off. Embryonic stem cells have the potential to treat some of the worst diseases we face today, such as cancer. Many critics argue that adult stem cells offer a good alternative. However, adult stem cells have become specialized and only have the ability to become specific type of tissue. Unlike adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells have the ability to create any type of cell within the body, as well as replicate themselves. This difference is proof alone that embryonic stem cells are vital to treating the more complex illnesses. Due to this, embryonic stem cells would create a larger bank of replacement cells and tissues. This is important because although there is organ and tissue donation, there is a higher demand for them than we have to supply. With embryonic stem cells, there would be more available treatment for patients with diseases such as macular degeneration, spinal cord injuries, heart disease, and more. In the case of heart disease, with the use of embryonic stem cells, healthy heart tissue could be generated in the lab and then transplanted. This would lead to a quicker treatment option than waiting for an available tissue and organ through

A few individuals with coronary illness and diabetes have gotten trial medications taking into account foundational cells disconnected from grown-up tissue, frequently from bone marrow, with shifting degrees of achievement. These mesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs, can develop into a few tissues including muscle, bone, ligament and fat yet there is no ensure that they will develop into heart muscle. This will left us with the answer to many people around the world why and how stem cells are stored.

In order to obtain relevant information to support this topic, databases including PubMed, Medline, UpToDate, and Google Scholar were used. Terms used in each search included and combined the following: mesenchymal stem cell, cardiac stem cells, HF, heart repair, ejection fraction, cardiac output, cardiac index, mortality.

Scientists have been using stem cells since their discovery to improve research and treatments. One type of organ improvement stem cells have played an important part in recently is the heart. There can now be a reduction in cardiovascular disease morbidity rates through the utilization of stem cells, and worrying about compatibility and time can become a thing of the past. Through the use of stem cells, repair, rehabilitation, and transplant can help or even cure myocardial necrosis.

Embryonic stem cells are repairing damaged tissues in the body. Scientists have find a way to replace damage hearts. The United States heart failure affects more than 400,000 people a year. With the use of stem cells can be used to reconstruct the heart

Rather than relying on surgical methods meant to replace these tissues, scientists are now beginning focus on new methods that actually allow the heart to repair and replace damaged tissue. In the June 29, 2006 edition of the journal entitled, Nature, Dr. Kathryn Ivey of the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease explains, “the ability of circulating cells to produce factors that are sufficient to invoke cell survival or repair responses in damaged heart cells” remains a primary objective of research cardiologists. By manipulating synthetic compounds meant to catalyze the regeneration of tissue, the new experimental method of repairing heart muscles may be able to abandon surgical procedures altogether. While the vast majority of attention is being spent on the ability to use stem cell therapy to repair congenital heart defects, some scientists are exploring alternative possibilities in organisms like the

Stem cells are unspecialized pluripotent cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division and can be influenced to become specific cells with special functions. (Source F). It is no exaggeration to say that harnessing the amazing regenerative properties of stem cells will greatly aid the medical field in finding cures for debilitating chronic diseases. On February 1, 1961, Dr. James Till and Ernest McCulloch established The Foundation for Stem Cell Science and incredible advances have continued. The most recent happened on February 20, 2016 when stem cells were used to replace part of a human brain. (Source E). Their regenerative properties can be utilized to repair organs such as eyes for the blind, or hearts for those suffering with cardiovascular disease. Stem cell therapy can

“Through the isolation and manipulation of cells, scientists are finding ways to identify young, regenerating ones that can be used to replace damaged of dead cells in diseased organs. This therapy is similar to the process of organ transplant, only the treatment consists of the transplantation of cells rather than organs. The cells that have shown by far the most promise of supplying diseased organs with healthy cells are called stem cells.” (Chapter Preface)

The stem cell therapy known as Ixmyelocel-T is a phase 2 clinical trial viewed as a potential treatment for class III and IV heart failure. Heart failure, which affects an estimated number of about 5.1 million people in the United States, is a condition in which the heart progressively weakens and isn’t able to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs; causing the heart muscles to weaken and degenerate because of the lack of blood flow. Class III and IV heart failure do not have treatment options other than a heart transplant and so, this clinical trial is viewed as an alternative treatment for heart failure.

With recent advances in science and medicine, researchers across the world have been applying discoveries to the betterment of ailments which has brought forth much optimism for a better human life. Advancements in stem cells, more particularly, has been on the forefront of a mass of said advances. This research, although controversial, has sparked ideas of what can be done to save patients from demise from issues surrounding organ transplants. It is noted that “the stem cell field has grown very rapidly over the past decade, and continues to be one of the most exciting aspects of biomedical research…with an astonishing annual growth rate of 77% since 2008 (El-Hashash, 4).”

It was originally believed that cardiac stem cells can be transplanted into the infarcted region of a failing heart so that they can proliferate and differentiate into cardiomyocytes to improve the heart’s ability to pump blood. While transplanted cardiac stem cells were shown improve cardiac function in animal trials and clinical trials, it was later discovered that they did so with the release of paracrine factors, not through differentiation. As a result, interest in the use of paracrine factors to promote endogenous cardiac regeneration has increased. A proposed therapy to take advantage of the regenerative properties of paracrine factors is to upregulate, through genetic engineering, a cardiac stem cell’s release of factors SCF and IGF-1.

Lastly with patients with chronic heart failure, studies have shown donor heart stem cells being used to “reduce scar tissue, promote blood vessel growth, and improve heart functions ("Disease Programs"). All of the studies for the different patients and diseases, show that stem cells belong in the future of medicine and are rapidly changing the way that we see diseases and how to treat them. It eliminates many risky transplant procedures and attacks the illnesses at the root of the problem. The research shows that stem cells can cure diseases that doctors and scientists have spent years studying and racking their wise brains in hopes of finding a solution. Instead of using a medicine or drug, stem cells dig to the root of the problem and eliminate it from the start. Some people believe that it is unlawful and wrong to take away the genes or the traits that you were given when you were born. But what these people do not realize is that doctors are not changing the core personality of a person by using stem cells. They are not taking away what makes that person who they are. These patients are not defined by their diseases so doctors are treating a part of their body that is currently killing their very being. Scientists want be rid of what is taking over their life in order to save their future. Doctors are simply giving them their families, dreams, hopes and lives back.

Unlike the other cells that make up living organisms, stem cells are very different from the others by two distinguishing characteristics. First, they can be used to become tissue or other specific cells, mainly organs, with special functions. Second, they are generalized cells capable of restoring themselves through cell division (NIH, 2015). In some organs, including bone marrow, stem cells regularly divide to repair and replace worn out or damaged tissues. In other organs, however, such as the pancreas and the heart, stem cells only divide under special conditions

The problem is after injury or myocardium infarction mammalian heart’s cardiomyocytes rarely divide which made it impossible for a resident cardiomyocyte proliferation. In result with this, an autologous stem-cell therapy is used. The first ever cell-based therapy done in an ischemic myocardium was the skeletal myoblast. Skeletal cells are myoblast and these can differentiate into myotubes and improve the ventricular function of the myocardium. However, injection of autologous skeletal myoblasts did not solve the problem and cannot fill the loss of cardiomyocytes resulting to an inefficiency. Another is the bone-marrow derived cells. In this field is where allogeneic transplantation takes place. A bone-marrow cells are taken from a willing and matched donor to the patient and these cells will be cultured and cultivated until it is ready for transplantation. It is proven to be effective and that these bone-marrow derived cells are progenitor cells that will regenerate cardiomyocytes in a mammalian