The Fundamental Premises Of Realism And The Peace Through Strength Theory

According to James Pattison, just war theory covers many conditions and splits itself into two categories: one of them is jus ad bellum, which

The second necessity is that a just cause is required in order to wage war.

A Separate Peace In the novel, A Separate Peace, Gene Forrester is best described as a quiet introvert who conforms to those around him. On the other had Finny is best characterized as an athletic daredevil with a creative and rebellious spirit. Yet, although Finny appears to be the stronger of the two, it is Finny that dies while Gene lives. This seems to imply that luck and common sense are needed to survive in the modern world, not strength.

Jus a bellum, the right to go to war, explicitly describes how a nation-state should conduct itself before preparing for war. There are seven sub-categories within Jus a bellum: Just Cause, Comparative Justice, Competent Authority, Right Intention, Profitability of Success, Last Resort, and Proportionality. Just Cause is explained as needing to have a

Realism is one theory that has been used to explain international relationships. However, many say that it is less relevant post-Cold War due to changes in politics and interactions between states. The

I agree that these points are indeed needed to have a justified war, but according to these very points no war has been truly justified. After all, there are many people that are involved in the process of declaring war, and not every one of those people might have a just intention. If everyone involved that caused the declaration of war has a just intention then the war is justified, but this is never the case as someone would always have another motive.

The legitimate defense of a nation and the responsibility of the Security Council to take actions in the course of maintaining peace within its areas of influence. With the establishment of United Nations and the modernization of war and its materials; the theories and doctrines of the past also needed to evolve. The modern Just war theory in composed of two principles: jus ad bellum, the right to conduct war, and jus in bello, the correct conduct within war. Each principle also has its own set of criteria to follow. Jus ad bellum contains six: Just cause, right intention, proper authority and public declaration, last resort, probability of success, and proportionality. (Orend, 2006)

The states are the most important actors in realism. Realism is a broad intellectual tradition that explains international relations in terms of power. More specifically, when states work in an effort to increase their own power in relation to other states. With Realism there are claims made, such as the world is a harsh and dangerous place, and the only certainty in the world is power. If a state is powerful, that state will always outlast its weaker competitors. In addition to this, the most important and reliable form of power is military power. Another claim is a state’s primary interest should be self-preservation, and due to this, a state should seek power and protect itself. Realism has a very defined foundation, and that is dominance. The looking glass of realism sees the world through recognizing the winner and the loser.

Realism is broadly defined as verisimilitude, meaning “the faithful representation of reality” (Donna M. Campbell, 2011). Realism is the doctrine that universals exist outside the mind

Each of these rules must be shown and satisfied. “Failure to fulfill even one renders the resort to force unjust, and thus subject to criticism, resistance, and punishment” (Orend 61). Just war theory is meant to be more demanding than international law. Even though the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) agreed to send troops to Somalia, this approving body does not automatically render the gesture moral. One must apply the principals of just war theory first.

According to traditional just war theory, a just cause must serve peace and not simply protect an unjust status quo. War must be used as a last resort and all pacifistic approaches must be

Dr. Land’s first criterion of the “just-war theory” is just case. In a justified war, there must be a valid reason for participation (Land). This criterion states that “War is only permissible to resist aggression and defend those victimized by it. Only defensive war is defensible” (Land). Such wars are publicized in 1 Samuel 15:3 and Joshua 4:13. In these Bible passages, God commands His people to go to war against the people of Amalek and Jericho (“What Does the Bible Say about War?”). In more recent history, the bombing on Nagasaki and Hiroshima were actions within the first criterion("02.03.01: Just War Theory and the Wars of the 20th Century”). Had the bombs not been dropped, the numbers of lives lost would have been even greater

According to the lecture by Butcher (2017e), praxis, empowerment, awareness, consensus, and evolvement are the terms that form the foundation to the acronym of the PEACE model by Peggy Chinn. Praxis is nurses looking at everything around and then making a decision on taking action (Chinn, 2013). For example, advanced practice nurses have the power to make significant changes that will affect the overall outcome of patients in healthcare and in this model, praxis will help nurses to work together in a moral and ethical perspective to achieve positive patient outcomes. I will briefly define and describe the five terms that form the concept of PEACE. Empowerment is experienced when nurses express respect for life through love and respect

There must be a just cause when resorting to war. This can imply either self-defence actions or be fought in order to provide humanitarian aid to the victims of aggression.

Democratic Peace Theory The concept of the Democratic Peace Theory is based on the idea that whether states are likely to go to war or choose peace depends on the type of political system they have.