The General Adaption Syndrome

The term ‘stress’ was generally thought to have been a concept created by Robert Hooke in the 17th century. He worked on the design of physical structures, such as bridges; his concept of stress came from how much pressure a structure could withstand. However, Lazarus (1993) pointed out that the term ‘stress’ has been used as far back as the 14th century, when it meant hardship or adversity. Back then it referred to the external stressor, such as the death of a spouse or financial worry; in the 20th century, there are many different schools of thought on this area. Hans Selye (1956), brought together the work of Cannon and Bernard and devised a comprehensive system of physiological stress; which he termed the ‘General Adaptation Syndrome’,

In Prospero 's case in Masque of the Red Death Prince Prospero, was faced with the threat of survival, surviving the Red Death, a plague sweeping his kingdom killing all it comes into contact with. To produce the fight-or-flight response, the hypothalamus activates two systems: the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal-cortical system. The sympathetic nervous system uses nerve pathways to initiate reactions in the body, and the adrenal-cortical system uses the bloodstream. The combined effects of these two systems are the fight-or-flight response.When the hypothalamus tells the sympathetic nervous system to kick into gear, the overall effect is that the body speeds up, tenses up and becomes generally very alert. If there 's a burglar at the door, you 're going to have to take action fast. The sympathetic nervous system sends out impulses to glands and smooth muscles and tells the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream. These "stress hormones" cause several changes in the body, including an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.At the same time, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing factor into the pituitary gland, activating the adrenal-cortical system. The pituitary gland secretes the hormone ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). ACTH moves through the bloodstream and ultimately arrives at the adrenal cortex, where it activates the release of approximately thirty different

Subtle or covert microaggressions may prove to be more psychologically damaging than overt ones, any may also present more catch-22s for the victim. This is because it may be hard to accept that the attacker may not be a true ally and thus alter a relationship, along with uncertainty if the message contained prejudicial meaning, while being unclear on how to deal with it (88). The general adaption syndrome model was created to explain reactions the body experiences from these assaults. The alarm stage, or “call to arms,” occurs when a person senses physical or emotional threat in order to protect themselves against potential harm. They experience physiological effects such as increased blood pressure and heartrate. Next, the adaption/resistance process occurs where the body protects against such harm, preparing to wipe out disease or nurture injury, or adapt to it instead, if unable to successfully get rid of it. Because of this, those of marginalized groups become blind to prejudicial assaults. The stage of exhaustion occurs after the accumulation of these effects on the body, along with its spirit, begins to disintegrate and shut down, ultimately affecting the victims’ social interactions and their overall health (89). Another model was created called the Crisis Decomposition Model that deals with the ways the body copes with stress. Impact occurs when dealing with a stressful incident causes confusion, depression, isolation, and upset feelings. Attempted resolution then

Journal entry 2 In your brain, there is something called the sympathetic branch which controls your body “flight or fight” mode. The sympathetic branch sends a warning, basically waking your body up and getting you ready for the upcoming situation. Your body is always on alert for danger. That is why when it’s night time and you are alone your sympathetic branch kicks in putting your body on alert. And you normally get scared when you hear a noise making you walk a little faster. The same thing happens when you are sleeping and you hear glass breaking you automatically go into flight or fight mode. Depending on the situation depends on whether you flee or fight. People normally fight when they have something at stake to fight for.

“[Fight or Flight] response is hard-wired into our brains and represents a genetic wisdom designed to protect us from bodily harm. This response actually corresponds to an area of our brain called the hypothalamus, which—when stimulated—initiates a sequence of nerve cell firing and chemical release that prepares our body for running or

You can probably think of a time when you experienced the fight-or-flight response. In the face of something frightening, your heart beat quickened, you begin breathing faster, and your entire body become tense and ready to take

In particular, the body responds with the "battle or flight reaction" activated by the sudden arrival of the cortisol and adrenaline hormones. These hormones keep the body and psyche wound, ready and prepared for response to the danger. This response served as a helpful, defensive reaction when confronted with primitive dangers, for example, a saber tooth tiger.

“aha moments” Ch.2 The science of stress Fight or Flight response- The body’s automative response anytime we percieve a threat or danger. The response to danger will give us intense speed to out run the danger or a surge of aderline to fight the know threat in o rder to survive.In repsonse to the “fight or flight”, in previous years flight was my inital repsonse to threatahing situations. I can recal a time I was walking to a class from my car and noticed a crowd of students with fear on their faces running in my direcetion. Before, I could identify the threat my heart began racing, my breathing short and shallow and I remember the thought that passed my mind was “Run”. I turned around and starting running in the other direction, I turned

The parasympathetic nervous system is the reverse to the fight or flight instinct it reverses the flood of adrenaline and lowers our heart rate back to its average state. That is why every time we jump during a scary movie our bodies are not suddenly coursing with adrenaline. After this first reaction our brains recognize the threat is not real and the parasympathetic nervous system helps so we return to normal state and calms us down.

Once a person with an intense fear is made to confront it panic can occur because their perception of the fear is danger, as seen in What can I do to Help Patients With Belonephobia. The individuals fear may be expressed somatically by rapid heart rate, increased blood pressure, tremor, feeling faint or actually fainting, nausea, diaphoresis, and feelings of panic. A full- blown panic attack can occur if the individual believes escape is impossible (Muscari).

What causes fear is a warning trigger as a cause of the 2-system-view that produces an instinctive biological reaction to an environmental trigger stimulus. Also, the cognitive system reaction of emotional stimuli may cause a response through interpretative and social, subjective on the basis of one’s experience through events. Therefore, fear may be an emotional reaction to causal life events or stimulus, coping and response strategies initiate and activate responses. For example, fear triggers fight or flight, raises cortisol levels in the brain, and initiates emotional and physical reactions. The emotion of fear may cause different effects, for example, with positive affect; there may be a cause to seek safety in a dangerous situation or

Like a wall to house the anxiety to protect the fragile psyche. Over time, the reality is able to be absorbed, but until that time the defense mechanisms remain in place. Vaillant’s theory states there are four stages of defense mechanism, and they are as follows: mature, neurotic, immature, and psychotic (Vaillant, 1992). Robbins, Chatterjee, and Canda says these defense mechanism “play a central role in resilience, growth, and maturation of the ego” (2012). “Freud identified five properties of defense mechanism: defenses are major means of managing instinct and effect, they are both unconscious and discrete, hallmarks of major psychiatric syndromes, dynamic and reversible, and adaptive as well as pathological”. Valliant states it is often the response to stress that “leads to psychopathology” (1994). Valliant uses the terms “innate involuntary responses” to reduce “cognitive dissonances”

A fight or flight response is a result of acute stress, this response is found in the limbic system (Svec). The threats that are experienced in acute stress can be consciously or subconsciously perceived. Take video games as an example. The noise and the violent actions that are perceived

Anxiety is associated with the primitive “flight or fight” mechanism. This mechanism releases hormones that prepare a person either to fight or run away during stressful situations. To do so, the body releases adrenaline and the heartbeat quickens and the muscles tense up. Once the person feels safe, this reaction dissipates and the body returns to homeostasis. But, for those who suffer with generalized anxiety disorder, this response still lingers. Some experts theorize that people with anxiety have a hypersensitive fight or flight response. So that the response activates with little to no provocation at all. Once activated, surroundings become possible threats causing excessive anxiety. Psychologist David H. Barlow of Boston University believes

In the alarm stage, the body encounters a stressor. The stressor will cause the body to react with the fight or flight response.Next, the nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis will be