The Generation And Selection Rules Of Moodulational Mechanismss

1. Operant conditioning is a type of behavioral learning developed by made famous by psychoanalysis B.F. Skinner in the late 1930’s. Operant conditioning is the act of learned behavior through consequences. Types of operant conditioning are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.

(AC1) Two perspectives in psychology are the behaviourist approach and the biological (also known as physiological) approach. These perspectives consist of different theories, research methods and treatments in relation to mental illness.

Turbulent flow is the flow of fluids in a chaotic way due to property changes. The Reynolds number is higher than that of laminar flow making it able to freely move. They create a rotational high energy movement. Eddies are a good example of turbulent flow off of jet streams. They create that vortex circular motion and are high energy to start and will

* The hypothalamus is a structure found near the base of the forebrain that is involved in the regulation of basic biological needs.

At what point does the Wave get out of control? Support your choice with specific events.

side-stream B exists, where additional air flows into pipe. At first, molecules of influx B just ´stand´ locally and represent no stronger resistance than main-stream is affected by friction on inner faces of pipe. Particles of that ´resting´ air at B are trembling, based at normal molecular movements, thus are flying into all directions from one collision to next. Just by pure chance, any particle will be pushed into direction of main-stream. That particle moves ahead within main-stream, and will not come back to influx-area.

Planaria are free living flatworms form the class Turbellaria (Caitlin 2015) which is a class platyhelminthes who are mostly aquatic and have cicilia on the body survive. Planaria are ideal subjects because they are bilateral symmetrical and because they have a synaptic nervous system (Caitlin 2015). Planaria have also demonstrated the ability to learn through classical conditioning (Shank 2002) which is a learning process in when two stimuli are repeatedly paired in this case the stimuli were the light and the electric shock. It is very important to cut the planarian after they have been properly trained to learn that a flash of an LED light means that they will be shocked.

5. In the dopamine reward system, there is a stimulus that is given to change the behavior of certain things. The dopamine is present in food, sex, and drugs. Dopamine can be blocked off by the drug pimozide. Pimozide causes the reinforcer (drugs for example) to no longer be reinforcing. There still may be a hedonistic value, but the motivation value will make you not want it. The reward system starts off at the ventral tegmental area. Once the VTA is stimulated, it will send signals to a number of other areas in the brain, through dopamine, to be able to pass on the message.

Picture this scenario. A girl is on her phone on a Friday night. She's in high school and her friends just asked her last minute to go hang out with them. The only problem? It's ten at night and you have work early tomorrow plus an essay is due for Social Studies 12 in two days.  Now picture this. A girl stays in on a Friday night. She's in high school and her essay for Social Studies 12 is due the following Monday at the start of class. Now it's your turn to decide. Which person are you?

The central executive is a system control that determines and changes the information that comes from the subsystems of the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad. An example of this is if you were asked what type and how many of each animal do you have. The type of animal would be the visuo-spatial whereas the number of each would be the phonological loop. The central executive system helps use be able to multitask how else would we be able to count animals and know which animals are being counted. People rely heavy on this system to help them remember ting throughout the day not realizing that if the system is being over used it can mix up information and how the person remembers that information.

Emotional regulation is a crucial element when facing stressors in daily life in order to cope with them. It is usually difficult to do this because such stressors lead to an overwhelming amount of uncontrollable emotions for certain individuals. The amygdala is an almond shaped part of the brain that is responsible for how people react and control their emotions, however, other factors may also affect emotional reactivity in correlation with the function on the amygdala. One example is age. The older an individual is, the easier it becomes to control his/her emotions when presented with a stimulus. This is partially why adolescents tend to overdramatize their environments in a negative way. Another factor is a person’s physical health. Those who have better physical health tend to have a better emotional reactivity compared to those who do not. Therefore, possible factors that attribute to emotional regulation in the amygdala are age and physical health.

Since the electrons are stripped from the atoms in a plasma, all that remains is the positively charged nucleus, which can be acted on by magnetic fields. In magnetic confinement reactors, so-called magnetic bottles are created with magnetic fields that confine the plasma. In experiments, however, plasmas can only be contained for a few seconds before their oscilations cause them to come into contact with the walls of the reactor. The biggest problem in controlling plasmas with magnetic confinement is their chaotic behaivior. With continuing research, longer containment times are being recorded.

What are the biological constraints in Classical Conditioning? Report the procedure and results of two studies supporting your answer.

[2] Kinnas, Dynamic Viscosity of Air as a Function of Time, http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/kinnas/319lab/Book/CH1/PROPS/GIFS/dynair.gif Accessed on 15/04/2013

In 2011 researchers from Hiroshima International University of Japan published an article titled, “Biological aspect of hyperthymic temperament: light, sleep, and serotonin” in the Journal of Psychopharmacology. According to this article hyperthymic temperament—a proposed personality type-seems to be a common characteristic of bipolar disorder. Past research suggest that temperament types such as: depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable, and anxious (Akiskal and Mallya et al., 1987;Akiskal et al.,1995) are precursor of mood disorders. The aim of this article to gain a better understanding of the biological factors that create hyperthymic temperament, it specifically focuses on sleep and serotonin. The article also focuses on a non-biological factor that may create hyperthymic temperament: a person’s exposure to light.