The Genetic Heritage Of Fonni's Animals

Humans and dogs have long shared a bond that was based on function. Early dogs that were the least valuable and useful did not make it into today’s time. On the other hand, the most valuable and helpful of dogs remained and created others like them. Ultimately, breed predecessors were produced by breeding the best hunters to the best hunters and the best guards to the best

My initial interest in veterinary medicine began during my childhood when I developed responsibility in providing care for all animals. I had hands on experiences when exercising proper herd health techniques with our veterinarian for our cow/calf operation. I learned how to vaccinate, create a balanced nutritional diet, and prepare for each calving season. I also became fascinated with the human-animal bond when training a Leader Dog for the Blind and showing livestock around the state of Indiana. My experiences with having a connection with animals and taking care of them encouraged me to further investigate the veterinary profession.

Barbara Natterson-Horowitz gave a TEDMED speech in September of 2014 entitled What Veterinarians Know That Doctors Don’t. Dr. Natterson-Horowitz is a professor of Medicine at UCLA Medical School in the Division of Cardiology. Additionally, she is an advocate of zoobiquity, or the connection of animal and human health. Her speech describes how a phone call introduced her to the world of veterinary medicine and, consequently, led her to promote the concept of physicians and veterinarians working together to further their understanding of medicine and health. In the speech, she provides examples of various instances where human doctors applied animal doctor knowledge to human patients and where animal doctors had the answers human doctors had

I am interested in becoming a veterinarian when I get older. I do have to know a lot of science to be a veterinarian. Science and math are the two main parts of being a veterinarian. The animal it’s self is science. Veterinarian has to know the structure and the bones of the animals. If they are not carful they can make the smallest mistake and kill or cause great damage to the animal. If vets did not have the knowledge they have now they could get us sick as well as them. Another thing related to Science is the technology we have to make helping animals easier and more

Most vets though diagnose animals with health problems, vaccinate them, treat wounds, and perform surgery with many other tasks (the balance). But most vets don’t just work in hospitals many vets serve in the army and treat wars dogs. When vets join the army they get recognized as commissioned officers. Many people think that being a vet is easy but many vets don’t know what’s wrong with the animal until they check it, Will Rogers, “the best doctor in the world is a vegetarian. He can’t ask his patient what’s the matter he’s just got to know.” This quote is inspiring because it shows how good of a doctor you can be because you can’t ask your patient what’s wrong you have to figure that out on your own (gale group).

This chapter starts from the beginning seven million years ago, explaining the evolution of the first human ancestor that originated in Africa. Humans, closest living relatives are the gorilla, common chimpanzee, and the pygmy chimpanzee or the bonobo. Human ancestors began spreading around the world 4 million years ago, and they moved to Eurasia around 1 or 2 million years ago. Then between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago, not far after human fossils began to look like modern humans, our race had a boom of new technological and cultural advances that surpassed anything created before. Archaeologists call this period the Great Leap Forward. After The Great Leap Forward, many of the Humans ancestors began to spread all around of the world but were

Advancements in veterinary medicine have benefitted human health, and animals benefit from the advancements in human medicine. In my opinion it is very important to consider the effects of zoonotic diseases from both animal and human perspectives. I recently attended a talk on veterinary public health, which inspired me to look further into this issue. I also took part in a Veterinary Disease Outbreak simulation, whereby I was one of 30 people chosen out of 100 applicants, and we attempted to ‘take control’ of an outbreak of avian influenza. It has opened my eyes to careers outside that of a Veterinary Surgeon in general practice, for example in the

This summer, I went to Thailand and spent two weeks shadowing a veterinarian. I learned how to spay and neuter cats and dogs to keep their populations manageable. Sometimes, when cats need to be treated by veterinarians, they get skittish. So, I learned how to restrain them to check them better. One problem common to dogs is skin disease. To address this, I learned how to perform skin scraping to treat them for infectious symptoms and diseases, such as hair loss, scaling, or crusting. A frequent disorder of horses is colic. When a horse has colic, they have abdominal pains. To help them, I learned about how colic originates and how to treat it. Many elephants are wounded from injuries, infections, or abuse. To help heal them, I learned how to dress their wounds. Before visiting Thailand, I didn’t know how many animals are treated by veterinarians and how many ways veterinarians help them. This hands-on experience has given me a better insight as to what a veterinarian does and has solidified my career

Veterinary medicine has been a profession for one hundred and fifty years in the United States of America (Smith). In his abstract, Lessons of History in Veterinary Medicine, DF Smith noted that veterinary medicine started primarily as an agriculture profession (Smith). This meant that the veterinarians focused primarily on livestock animals, herd health, and horses. On his website, Veterinarian Roger Ross noted that companion animal medicine has improved greatly within the past several decades shifting to an increased appreciation of preventative medicine (Ross). With an increase in the number of pets, there became a heightened need for preventative veterinary medicine to ensure that they live healthy lives. Over the past couple of decades, veterinary technology has greatly increased allowing veterinarians to treat and diagnose a variety of diseases or conditions.

Researchers are using dogs DNA to help find out the history of dogs and where they came from. They have been taking dogs DNA from all over the world and are putting together dog's history. So far, the researchers have traced the DNA back to the first generation of dogs. They found that there were about 4,600 dogs that lived about 33,000 years ago located in southern East Asia. They also found that dogs DNA is mostly similar to the Gray wolves DNA, known to be the ancestor of dogs. Researchers think that there may have been domestication in wolves before dogs.

The origin of the domesticated dog, Canis lupus familiaris, occurred at least 15,000 years ago, evolving from the Eurasian gray wolves, its closest ancestor. Most dogs today are neither mixed-breed nor purebred, but belong to a classification called village dogs, who are geographically widespread and genetically more diverse. Purebreds are not genetically diverse due to the fact that the all come from a small controlled gene pool (Milliken, 2015). The diversity of the village dog is a significant key to unraveling the history of dogs. A study was performed by Laura Shannon et al. that analyzed the autosomal, mitochondrial and Y chromosome diversity in dogs using a technique called genotyping array. Using the genomic data from 4686 purebred dogs from 161 different breeds and 549 village dogs from 38 countries, they genotyped the dogs on a semicustom Illumina CanineHD array that was made up of 185,805 markers, of which included 582 mitochondrial and 336 Y markers. Using the data that they found along with the already existing mitochondrial and array data available, the largest canine diversity panel was created, thus allowed for an easy and efficient comparison model of the Y, mitochondrial and autosomal loci in analyzing the genetic variation in the dog population. (Shannon et al., 2015). The table below shows the diversity of the village dogs of their mitochondrial and Y haplotype diversity.

Preventing disease and healing animals is at the heart of what veterinarians do. But they also do so much more”. This world is filled with so many career opportunities within the Veterinary Medicine, here are just a few: Animal Behaviorists, Veterinarians, Researchers, Public Health Officials, Pet Groomers, Dog Breeders and Veterinary Technicians. As with all of these jobs listed, you can decide specialize in one field such as being a Veterinarian that only treats equine or have a mixed animal practice to allow for the care of several different species. As an example, Veterinary Technicians can work in all areas of veterinary medicine. They work closely with the Veterinarian, restrain animals, preform certain procedures and tests, administer treatments, monitor patients, and much more. Currently Veterinary medicine is a very valuable and critical field. Without health animals, both domestic and wild, the world would be a much different place. Our food supply could be greatly reduced due to disease. We rely on animals for meat, dairy and eggs. Some animals can carry germs that can be shared with people. Zoonotic diseases can be caused by germs including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi.. According to Centers of Control and Prevention (CCP) “Zoonoses can cause many different

Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases of animals. Treating pets is one of the most profitable fields in veterinary medicine. The proper vaccination of animals and the diagnosis of diseases are part of a veterinarian’s duties.

Some may argue that the experimentation of animals is vital to the advancements of our understanding and knowledge of human medical health. However, considering animals only partially share DNA with the human species, it is apparent that experimenting on animals can only be partially reliable to human health. Furthermore, some may counter that animals suffer from similar diseases as humans therefore making them valuable to study. These diseases may be similar to that of human diseases, but they are not the same and no two disease is alike making the outcome entirely different and less reliable.

When someone thinks of a veterinarian, they don’t usually think of them as being nothing more than just an animal doctor. Many people don’t know how important a vet is to society. According to ,”The Role of Veterinary Research in Human Society, “Veterinary scientist have a responsibility to protect human