The Gibraltar Tunnel Treaty

Throughout history, as we study Spain we can clearly recognize high and low points in their success. In the fifteen hundreds Spain had no influence on European affairs, Spain essentially vanished out of Europe. However, within one complete century Spain had become not only a leading power but they also had a great sense of effectiveness in Europe. Spain experienced a Golden age with many social, economic, political aspects. On the other hand, within

According to Spain then and now, (2011), “In contrast to Spain’s startling growth of political power and prestige during the 16th century, the 17th century is commonly seen as one of decline.” Not merely historical hindsight, this view was already articulated in the early 17th century by a group of writers known as arbitristas. They lamented the deterioration of the country, and offered suggestions for both political and especially economic reform. Who recognised the stark contrast between the appearance of imperial greatness and the reality of social and economic problems in their country. Events of the 17th century confirm the foresight of the best of these early political economists. Since then there has been general consensus that Spain

In Imperial Spain, J.H. Elliot examines the history of early modern Spain from the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella and Ferdinand, to the reformation of the Spanish government by the first member of the Bourbon dynasty. According to the author, at the start of the 15th century, Spain was internally weak, hopelessly divided and isolated from the continent by the Pyrenees. Yet, by 1492, Spanish society experienced a tremendous transformation which allowed Isabella and Ferdinand to unify the country, secure the largest transoceanic empire the world has ever known, and for a

A determination of convention refugee status is made by an immigration officer or tribunal, based on several factors under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (“the Act”).

“Australia is one of the 146 signatory countries to the United Nations 1951 Convention and or/ 1967 Protocol relating to the status of refugees”. (Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, 2009)

The topic about Texas stepping out of the federal refugee resettlement has been causing controversy since November of 2015. Nevertheless, before introducing the topic, we should know that the term “refugee” can be defined as “person who is unable or unwilling to return to his or her home country because of a “well-founded fear of persecution” due to race, membership in a particular social group, political opinion, religion, or national origin.” (Johnson). The controversy caused about this topic is due to Texas governor’s concerns about security threads from the Syrian refugees, however, the Federal government has a security process that is applied to every refugee that entries in the country. Moreover, we will review the next question: What is the government’s legal process to let the refugees in the United States?

The most commonly accepted definition of a ‘refugee’ is set out in the United Nations 1951

The United Nations approach on the treatment of refugees is as follows. the Convention relating to the status of Refugees 1967 Protocol defines who a refugee is and explains what Rights countries should afford to refugees. A refugee is a person who is outside of their own country and is unable or unwilling to return due to a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of their; race, religion, nationality, membership of a group or political

Denunciation/Withdrawal refers to when a state party unilaterally withdrawals from its treaty obligations and declares its intention to no longer be a party of the treaty. There are two situations in which a treaty can denounced, which must be distinguished from each other. Firstly, when the treaty contains express provisions or when the treaty is silent on the issue. In the first case, denunciation of a treaty is according to the provisions laid down in the treaty and causes no confusion. However, in the second case where the treaty remains silent, the “residual VCLT rules” are applicable. These have been laid down under Article 56 of the VCLT as follows:

Spain was a global superpower in matters of wealth and their successes stemming from the arts and academia to travel and territorial conquests. Of these accomplishments, their most prized achievement was acquiring a heavy portion of Latin America where their influence originated from the northern borders of Mexico deep into South America. They abused the resources they found, cheated the natives all the while demolishing their culture and population. In turn this gave birth the rise of a number of rebellions by the oppressed against the conquistadors to take back the land and implement laws and social standards that benefited the people and return to them the rights that they had been

Has United States or Canada been more effective with implementing and abiding by refugee rules and laws? Before discussing and comparing which of these countries had been more successful, the historical context of refugees needs to be explored. Although refugees have existed throughout the course of history, the definitions of what a refuge is had shifted and evolved over time. The League of Nations in the 1920s defined refugees “by categories, specifically in relation to their country of origin.” Up until 1950s, the League of Nations, which later became the United Nations, “established and dismantled several international institutions devoted to refugees in Europe.” After World War II, creating and facilitating solutions for refugees were of high importance internationally. This is evident in the first session of United Nations General Assembly in 1946 when it adopted the principle that no refugee who had “expressed valid objections to returning to their countries [sic] of origin ... shall be compelled to return.”

An agreement that they agreed was Adams-Onís Treaty. One agreement was the Spanish agreed to set the limits of their territory. According to the text it said, "what is now California’s northern border and gave up any claim to Oregon." Another one is that Adams had made an agreement with Britain. According to what I read it has said that they made an agreement of joint occupation of the area. This meant that both the United States and Great Britain could settle in orogen. Finally when Adams became president he had proposed that the two nations would be divided in Oregon. Britain refused so then they made in agreement that Britain and Americans could settle their instead of just dividing it into two.

Basically, this says that no refugee may be forced to return to a country of persecution; however, no United Nations regulation specifies that another country must take the refugee in. This leaves the poor, equally unstable bordering countries to host millions of refugees. Over 80% of the world's 15 million refugees are living in the less developed countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. (Singer 249)

There are a multitude of political systems around the world today. Regardless of similarities, each has its own unique qualities. This paper will discuss the differences and similarities of the political systems and government of both the United States of America and Spain. First, a short analysis of each countries history will be provided. This will give some background to the political, emotional and economical state of each country. This will lead to how the governments and political systems are now. Finally, there will be an analysis on the similarities and differences between both countries.

The Spanish Civil War is the name given to the struggle between loyalist and nationalist Spain for dominance in which the nationalists won and suppressed the country for the following thirty nine years. However, because of the larger political climate that the Spanish Civil War occurred in, it is impossible to view the war as a phenomenon contained within one nation. Despite its obvious domestic orientation as a civil war it was a major international conflict. The reason for this, I would maintain, is the political dogma which surrounded the war. This essay takes the form of a political survey of the