The Global Financial Crisis: Can Islamic Finance Help Minimize the Severity and Frequency of Such a Crisis in the Future?

In regards to the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009, a few conceivable reasons can be taken into consideration. For instance, high consumer deficit, high corporate deficit, complex money related securities, transient subsidizing markets got to be vital, extensively feeble administrative/business sector controls, shortcoming in the share trading system, shortcoming in the housing business sector, as well as worldwide monetary shortcomings. Besides the previously mention examples, the untrustworthy conduct by budgetary organizations, the disappointment of the national bank to stop lethal home loans, and over-obtaining by consumers can also be incorporated and taken into account. The effect of the monetary crisis from the perspective of firms was that they confronted declining interest for their products. The organizations thought that it was hard to acquire reserves, in light of the fact that the banks' trust in them had declined. Moreover, the organizations confronted solid rivalry from outside organizations. The likelihood of bankruptcy lingered. From the point of view of investors, the crisis implied conceivable loss of stores and loss of avenues to contribute (Carbaugh, 2006). The financial specialists expected to hunt down more

Almost 10 years after the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009, a great deal of confusion and doubt still lies within the minds of the people who were affected by the crisis’ overwhelming toll. The financial crisis is still considered relevant in the world’s economy today not only because $16 dollars vanished from the financial system, but also the financial recovery from the crisis is still in progress (Lam, NPR). There are multiple reasons to why the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 came into effect. However, the most identifiable origin for the cause of the financial crisis was the financiers of the economy themselves. At the time of the crisis, the financiers of Wall St. believed to have eliminated most of their risk within the economy, when in fact the financiers had only lost track of their risk. The Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 came into effect due to the burst of the United States real estate bubble as well as the failed oversight of total risk in the economy by big bank financiers.

The 2008 financial crisis was one of the worst economic times since the 1929 Great Depression. It led a worldwide economical, social, and political instability that shook the very foundation of the term “laissez-faire”, or free market. Millions of people around the world lost their homes and their jobs, while large corporations and entire countries were at the brink of insolvency. Others, who are as unfortunate, lost their life savings and pension funds. But it is important to question what led to the events toward the collapse of the world wide financial system.

Shah (2010) stated that the global financial crisis which has been brewing for a while has really started to show its effects in the middle of 2007 and into 2008. It started with the default of the subprime housing loans in the United States when its housing bubble burst. It caused a great impact across the globe that first struck down major financial institutions, first in United States and then in Europe, that were directly exposed to the mortgage default risk.

This report will analyze this Financial Crisis. Firstly, the reasons for which the banks failed will be discussed and the future of such failing banks will then be analyzed. This report will then examine how to avoid a similar crisis in the future and the current and future legal regulations of the banking system.

Just after ten years of Asian financial crisis, another major financial crisis now concern for all developed and some developing countries is “Global Financial Crisis 2008.” It is beginning with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers on Sunday, September 14, 2008 and spread like a flood. At first U.S banking sector fall in a great liquidity crisis and simultaneously around the world stock markets have fallen, large financial institutions have collapsed or been bought out, and governments in even the wealthiest nations have had to come up with rescue packages to bail out their financial systems. (Global issue)

Investor pulled capital from countries, even those among small levels of supposed danger and cause standards of stock and domestic currencies to thrust. In addition slumping exports and product price have additional to the woe and pressed economies international moreover hooked on recession or into an era of slower economic development. The worldwide crisis at this time seems to be played out on two levels the first is along with the industrialized nations of the globe wherever the majority of the sufferers from subprime mortgage debt, unnecessary leveraging of reserves, and insufficient capital support credit default swap just like insurance against defaults and bankruptcy have occurred. The second stage of the crisis is along with rising market and other economic who might be blameless bystander to the disaster but who also might contain less flexible economic system that can frequently be whipsawed by act in worldwide markets. A lot of developed countries have talented to finance their personal save packages by borrow nationally and intercontinental capital markets, but many rising market and developing economies have in short supply basis of capital and have turned to assist on or after the international monetary fund, World Bank or from assets excess nations, such as Japan and the European Union. A fall down of the US sub-prime mortgage market and the reversal of the housing boom in additional developed economies has had an undulation result approximately the

Analysis of “The Global Financial Crisis: Causes, Effects, Policies and Prospects” Dominick Salvatore, Journal of Politics & Society, Columbia University

According to ( Umar Chapra, 2003) limited entréé to finance by the poor entrepreneurs brings about lack of broad-based ownership of businesses and industries which in turns, hinders realisation of egalitarian society. This phenomenon is rampant is Muslims countries, thus requires attention from Islamic institution compulsory savings or micro-takaful.

The shari’ah compliance finance has gained huge popularity among Muslim and non Muslim countries. The Islamic banking and finance has significantly increased an average of 20% to 30% over the last decade and it’s expected to grow fast for the coming years. Despite its fast growing globally and the increasing number of the shari’ah compliance financial institutions, the Muslim minorities in Sweden have no access to any financial service adherent to their religion principles. They are left behind without any functioning Islamic finance institution. Therefore, the Muslim minorities in Sweden are constrained obtaining loans from the Swedish conventional banks as the banks are non shari’ah compliance banks.

Many people are sceptical about Islamic banks performances into the niche as newcomers to the market according to Samad, (2004). As previously mentioned, Islamic finance operates in accordance with the Qur’an. Islamic banks are non-conventional financial institutions which completely prohibit the action of ‘Riba’ (Interest) under Islamic Banking. As Islamic finance follows strict ethical practices in its dealing with jurisprudence to the Qur’an, it is only natural that Islamic banks as new competitors face steep challenges in sharing deposit and credit markets

The Islamic finance industry has been evolving and growing rapidly for the past decade. The recent global financial meltdown has open opportunity to Islamic finance to offer a new outlooks and effective solutions to economics problems. Economists are now looking to the east, learning lessons and seeing advantage of Islamic finance. Since then, serious research on Islamic financial system has been carried out and Islamic financial system has been an interesting area of discussion.

It is undeniable fact that Islamic banking system has been flourishing for last few decades and now has become the focus of global market forces. Pioneers of Islamic banking proclaim that foundational principles of Islamic banking is allied with Shari’ah guidance and their accounting practices, policies and financial reporting mechanism is based on Sharai’ah values. Consequently, Islamic institutions have the responsibility to follow Islamic rulings in all their practices. The core purpose of this study is to confirm that either current practices are align with Islamic ethical values or just based on shari’ah terminologies. However, author find that current practice of Modarbah are not just contrary to its theoretical foundation of Islamic Banking but also to basic shari’ah guidance to some extent. It has been also identified that whenever an issue arises in Islamic banks they try to make it shari’ah compliant instead of resolving particular issue they are busy in just manipulating or islamizing conventional banking products by using Shari’ah terminologies to capture the attention of Muslims who are thirsty for transparent ideal Islamic system. This behavior of Islamic banks has made the practices of Islamic banks more controversial. Proper implication of current study can make great contribution in the literature of Islamic banking as it will help Islamic banks to review their practices in order to fulfill the basic ethical principles of Islam.

Abiding to Shariah in an overview is Prohibitions of riba, gharar and maysir, this is what distinguish Islamic finance from its conventional counterpart (Ayub, 2007). As an alternative, Islamic financial system have interest free loans, Islamic joint-ventures (musharakah/mudarabah) and trade or lease-based (murabaha/ijarah/salam) financing structures (Azmat et al. 2015). Contemporary Islamic financial institutions have developed, and continue developing, products that mirror the classical Islamic products, and evade from the association with riba, gharar and maysir (Kamla & Alsoufi 2015).

The evolution of Islamic finance now takes place in most of the countries, whether in Muslim countries or non-Muslim countries. Islamic finance institutions perform the same essential functions as financial institutions do in the conventional system, except that there is a need for them to carry out their transactions in accordance with the rules and principles of Islam. One of the most growing parts of the Islamic finance is Islamic equity market. In principle, Islamic equity market is characterized by the absence of interest based transactions, doubtful transactions and unlawful stocks of companies which deal in non-shariah compliance activities or items. Its market activities must be free from any of unethical or immoral elements.