The Great Crusade And The Postwar Depression

“From Chicago to Tulsa, to Omaha, East St. Louis, and many communities in between, and family to Rosewood, white mobs pursued what can only be described as a reign of terror against African Americans during the period from 1917 to 1923.” (Rosewood Report, 1995, Pg. 3) Lynching had become very common in the United States, although the number of lynching’s had declined from 64 in 1921 to 57 in 1922. Rosewood was known to some as basically a riot, or a war. I believe Rosewood was known to become a war because the African Americans in Rosewood didn’t want the whites to run them out of the only city they were raised in. So the African Americans refused to leave, and fought back. How would you react if someone tried to run you out of your home, or the city you were raised in? Would you leave? Or fight back? Some incidents that occurred in Rosewood report had to do with Fannie Coleman. She was a married woman with three children, who claimed she was raped and beat by a black male while no one was home. According to Fannie Taylor’s version of events, “A black male came on foot to my house that morning and knocked. When I opened the door the black male proceeded to assault me.” (Rosewood Report, 1995, Pg. 5) None of this was true. She was having a affair with a white man, who beat her, so she lied and made a scene to the community to cover her up. Little do she know how this petty lie will cause many African Americans to die.

It occurred when a white mob started attacking residents and businesses of the African-American community of Greenwood in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in what is considered one of the worst incidents of racial violence in the history of the United States. Although the riot itself lasted only a few hours, its repercussions are still felt today. The riot started after a young black man was accused of having sexual contact and raping a young white female who was operating an elevator. He was later taken into custody and rumors raced all throughout the Negro Community. Over 800 people had to be taken to the hospitals and over 6,000 negroes were taken into custody. Tulsa Policemen made every negro evacuate their homes. “After the homes vacated,” said one Greenwood resident, “one bunch of whites would come in and loot. Even women with shopping bags would come in, open drawers, take every kind of finery from clothing to silverware and jewelry. Men were carrying out the furniture, cursing as they do so, saying, ‘These damned Negroes have better things than lots of white people.’” (CITE) (http://www.tulsaworld.com/app/race-riot/timeline.html )

On July 27, 1919, a young African-American man named Eugene Williams unknowingly swam past an invisible line of segregation at a public beach on Lake Michigan. He was then stoned by white bystanders, knocked unconscious and drowned. The death of Eugene Williams set off one of the deadliest and bloodiest riots Chicago has ever seen. I also believe that the labor conflict was another major reason as to why these riots took place. While there were several other factors that contribute to the Chicago race riot, I believe that these particular events are what sparked all the madness.

This was the turning point of the Civil Rights Movement. Riots, bombings, and more violent acts increased. Later that night huge crowds of African Americans started huge riots with rifles and any other weapons they could find. This even led to deaths of even more African

Founder of Constantinople, Constantine claimed the great Byzantine Empire and in turn inherited the new Holy Roman Empire. With the Edict of Milan in 313, Constantine proclaimed religious tolerance of Christians throughout the empire and soon the religion spread. Constantine then transformed the city of Byzantium into the new capital of the Roman Empire, which then was known and proclaimed as Constantinople. The new capital would profit from its location being closer to the east frontier, having then the advantage of better trading, and a militarily sound location being protected on three sides by water.

On July 27, 1919, an African American teen named Eungene Williams crossed the unofficial segregation border on the beaches of Chicago between 25 Th and 27th street trying to escape the hot summer weather, was stoned to death by white beach goers. When the black bystanders accused the group of stoners of killing the young boy, the police refused to arrest the white males and began to arrest the black bystanders on some minor charge. Things really heated up after one of the black bystanders attacked

Many Americans still think that the Great Depression was caused by the stock market crashing, on October 29, 1929. What is true that most economists think now is that the stock market crash alone could not be fully to blame. There were many factors into creating the nationwide depression. The first being that the “Roaring 20’s” was the first time North Carolinians and their American counterparts could buy a lot more of the new consumer items, like washers and toasters, on newly available credit. The wealthy elite along with the new American business class, could not wait to come down to and enjoy leisure activities like the Grove Park Inn in Asheville, North Carolina, to spend all of that disposable free-flowing money. This was also one of the first times that average, middle-class people had more freedom because they had more income. In addition, banks in our state, as well as other states in the union, were small and unprotected. That means that when a bank went bankrupt, they could not pay back all of their loans or savings. Many farmers in North Carolina started to mechanize their new, larger farms to compete with other farms. This increased supply and dropped demand, lowered the price of food and made it harder to pay back the loans for the new tractors and machinery when the banks got into trouble for over-extending credit. Our state, like our small banks, did not depend on handouts from the Federal Government like

The whites were so adamant to protect their community; they took oppressive measures to save the fellow mates. This incident stands evidence to ill-treatment to African-American people. There existed an unwritten law that the 29th street beach was for whites and the 25th street beach was for African-Americans. On one summer Sunday, a black teenager, Eugene Williams crossed the border while swimming with his friends. The reports said that whites threw stones on him, other said that they injured his head so he got too afraid to come back to the shore. The final statement said that he drowned. This emerged a racial violence’s deadliest episode of Chicago. The police refused to arrest the white Chicagoans. The riots were seen between the whites and the blacks for over a week. Several African-Americans attacked and isolated the whites and vice versa. These riots included deaths of innocent African-Americans and stood out to be one of the most disturbing racial riots to take place in Amercian history. The battle finally ended on August 3, killing 15 whites and 23 African Americans. Not to forget, many were left homeless. This event is significant due to the irrational reasons that marked the beginning of these

From Reconstruction through the early 1900s, what we now call “race riots” were expressions of white rage. Often spurred by rumors — or reality — of a crime committed against a white person or fears of black families moving into primarily white areas, whites would set entire black neighborhoods to the flame, destroying property and murdering blacks at will.

As the stock market plunge affected all of the United States it especially hit the city of Harlem hard. At the time many prominent writers and leaders left the city in search of a better financial situations and areas with jobs which inevitably led to the fall of the Renaissance. As jobs depleted and tension rose, an adolescent shoplifter was beaten terribly by a store owner which incited the first race riot of 1935. The riot dispersed majority of rich white individuals backing the entertainment scene in the city and led to many artist and musicians to depart the city also. By the end of 1943 another riot had occurred in Harlem over the shooting of an African American Army soldier which resulted in the death of six people, 700 people injured, and 600 people arrested. The events of the second riot left Harlem completely voided of diversity, by that point all white population living there had moved in search of a safer city and many more jobs left with them. At that point most African Americans either were going into the military to fight in World War II or were leaving for cities like Brooklyn that had manufacturing jobs to support the troops in war. This led to more buildings decaying and lack of support for the city of Harlem, at this point Harlem had officially became a ghetto where only

Hundreds of African Americans were jailed, and mostly the emancipated slaves left town until the convulsion was over. It was said that for three days straight that white cliques which included police officers, fire fighters, and some capitalists, attacked the camps and neighborhoods of emancipated slaves. You may ask well, what caused this Mob Violence? Why were there more African Americans killed then Whites?

When considering time between 1865 and 1945, United States history evolved and differed from period to period. It began with times of slavery and reconstruction, and proceeded with transformation in the Gilded Age. This then led to the Progressive Era, World War I, the Great Depression and its aftermath, as well as World War II. As one can see, history seems to fluctuate from times of peace and order to times of chaos and turmoil. A process of trial and error explains both how and why the U.S. changed the way it did. In other words, these periods and events reveal that history in itself is a recurring process of learning from past mistakes.

Race riots in America is a story told so little, but a story that is key to the hard work and road laid for African Americans. In the 20th century in times where we knew African Americans fought persistently for Civil Rights, seldom is their the story about the early 20th century. In the beginnings of the 20th century Riots broke out across all of the United States, over eight issues which included the following: Prejudice, Economic Competition, Political Corruption and Exploitation of Negro Voters, Police Inefficiency, Newspaper Lies about Negro Crime, Unpunished Crimes Against Negroes, Housing, Reaction of Whites and Negroes from War. Over the course of a span of fifty years more than eight riots broke out, including Wilmington race

It was July 25th, 1946, when a white mob in Georgia stopped a car carrying two African American couples, the mobbed then dragged them out and shot them to death. One of the victims, George Dorsey, was a military veteran who had just returned from serving five years overseas in World War II. His wife, Mae Dorsey, was also killed. Dorothy Malcom, the other woman in the car, was seven months pregnant. The mob cut her open and removed her unborn child. Her husband, Roger, had just been bailed out of jail after he was accused of stabbing a white man. An investigator estimated people in the crowd fired more than 60 plus shots at the two couples at close range. The horrific attack happened near Walton County, Georgia, not far from Moore’s Ford Bridge.

The Roosevelt family is one of the most popular and familiar names in history. The Roosevelts brought America through numerous crises. In particular, Franklin Delano Roosevelt led America through two of the greatest crises in American history: the Great Depression and World War II. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known as FDR, is one of the most influential political leaders in the history of the United States of America. He began his political career as a New York Senator in 1910 and made his rise on the political ladder. During his political run, he did things that no one had attempted before. He introduced an unprecedented amount of acts and bills, and he is the only president to serve more than two terms. He was elected President of the United States in 1932 to become the 32nd president in the wake of the Great Depression (Dinunzio 2). Because of his actions during the Great Depression, he is remembered as one of the most significant presidents. FDR came into the presidential office during the third year of the Great Depression and helped return the United States to a superior nation, politically and economically. He also was the leader of America during World War II. His decisions during the war changed America as well. Aside from fighting America’s battles, he was also fighting personal demons. During his historical political career, FDR suffered from polio. Polio, although it is almost eradicated today, was a common but extremely aggressive disease that