The Great Schism Analysis

It is believed that the Pope is in a direct line from St Peter who

None the less the Papacy was now divide. The saying "United we stand, while divided we fall." is very valid in this instance. The church is having many problems around this time period and many people are converting, or shale we say shifting, to other forms or Christianity. Whereas before these problems occurred the church was the central power in Western Europe and had great influence over the governments in their sphere of power. This event, the schism, caused a split in the Catholic Church and divided countries among the two popes. "Everyone realized that the schism resulting from the counter-election of Cardinal Robert of Geneva as Pope Clement VII . . . was a tragedy for the church . . ."

There were many issues that created the Great Schism between the east and west, both prior to 1054 and after. It would appear from the document that the east had more issues with how the west governed the church. The split could probably have been avoided as well as its consequences. The Great Schism had many consequences two of which were the Eastern Orthodox's trying to tell the Roman Catholic how to run the church and the Roman Catholics attacking the Eastern Orthodox church with religion. In document 1 the Roman Catholics forcing Greeks to become part of their religion. The event in this document occurred after the year 1054. Document 2 also occurred after the year 1054, but this document talks about the Orthodox Church. In this document

As the Church gained traction, one of the key concepts that they wanted to expunge was the influence of pagan religions. St. Augustine wrote The City of God about the actions of the Roman people on the very topic that the people because of their sins had gotten themselves into their own mess. Another way that the Church helped to expunge pagan influences was to build churches and cathedrals on pagan temples. They also came up with religious feasts to replace pagan feasts that would be going on at the same time. Another problem that had arisen for the Holy See was the struggle with royalty. An example, is when Gregory VII excommunicated Emperor Henry IV and he was only absolved by spending three days and nights prostrate outside the papal castle. A great wound to the Vatican that was self-inflicted was when Pope Clement V moved the papacy to France where it remained for nearly sixty years before Pope Gregory XI returned it to Rome. This altercation led to a problem, for the next nearly forty years, there were two Vicars of Christ, one in Rome and an antipope in France.

The two dethroned popes convene Mayhew 2 and choose another College. Finally, at the Council of Constance, they remove the first two popes and allow the last elected pope to resign. The College then elects one Pope who will serve in Rome. This Schism would discredit the Roman papacy along with the papacy’s

"In the later eleventh century, mystically enchanted war turned into a categorical and cozy concern of the ameliorated papacy, one which was to transmute Christian states of mind and practices for an immensely colossal portion of a thousand years." The vicissitude was gone for ecclesiastical reinforcing and decontamination of the ministry including another procedure for the decision of incipient popes and assaulting indecencies, for example, administrative espousement and the purchasing and offering of religious workplaces. Pope Gregory VII was the primary impact behind ecclesiastical change. "With nervy tenaciousness, he distinguished what he accepted to be the main driver of the Church's issues the dirtying impact of the people and afterward start assaulting it with close out of control tirelessness, in what has been termed the 'Instatement Controversy'." For every one of his prospects and objective in ecclesiastical change and endeavoring to coalesce the Latin Church, when he kicked the bucket and Pope Urban II took office, the Church was powerless and defenseless. In the terminus however, Urban did instaurate ecclesiastical power probably in light of the fact that he was a "much more aptitudinal ambassador then his forebear, in his dealings with the mainstream and clerical forces of Europe." He had a more adaptable way to deal with change than Gregory and that availed him win back backing for the ecclesiastical reason. In 1095, the year prior to the First Crusade, the papacy was incrementing a plethora of its glory back. When he was requested avail by the Byzantines against the Turks the pope's preparatory replication was "to enhearten 'numerous to ensure, by taking a vow, to avail the sovereign most reliably to the extent they were capable against the agnostics'." This did little to motivate the masses, yet it had planted the

Dictatus Papae The disagreement between pope and emperor has always been an issue of Middle Ages. As soon as 1059 (sixteen years earlier than the Dictatus Papae) a papal bull was introduced which eliminated the laity from the election of the pope, plus, the role of emperor was further decreased (even if emperors were practicing the right of veto) in order to accept the decision of Church. Consequently, anti-popes appeared and only a few official popes were accepted. Then methods were implemented for dissolving the complication of unanimous agreement such as s 'acclamation', 'scrutiny' and 'compromissum' although the conflict of elections still exsisted.

The Roman Catholic Church responded treatment of Luther, Huguenots in France, relationship with the Holy Roman Emperor, the Jesuits and the Council of Trent, treatment of Galileo and other scientists very differently. Luther was called before Emperor Charles V to recant his beliefs. Although some German Princes sided with Luther, it was still declared an outlaw. He protected by a German Prince Frederick the Wise. He translates Erasmus’ Greek Bible into German. Holy Roman Emperor and the RCC were political allies. Prince’s allied with Luther to indirectly challenge the emperor. Huguenots in France worked to reform the rest of France, but the Catholic King Henry III was not about to let that happen. King Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes, this resulted in driving out hundreds of thousands of his best citizens abroad. The monks at Cluny were challenging the power of the Holy Roman Emperor, there was also the idea of separation of church and state. By 1050, King Henry III appointed the Pope he liked which was Clement II. After his death the archbishops were able to elect the Pope. Henry IV had a serious threat to his stability. He made his bishops swear loyalty to him. When Gregory excommunicated Henry he begged for forgiveness and he got it; after Henry was back to placing bishops, he was excommunicated again. The Germans were eager to see a weakened king siding with the church. The Holy Roman Empire was no way united, still very strong, but they had no control over its

He was young and incapable, and gave the papacy a bad name by acting sinfully. The people lost respect for the church, and could no longer view it as the ideal way of life. These views were altered in the High Middle Ages when the papacy became increasingly powerful in a prosperous time. The centralization of the church enabled Christianity to revitalize the spirit and faith of the Church. The church was organized by several reforming movements of the cluny, monastery, and papacy. Corruption was cleansed by new clerical laws, in addition to the canon law, that banned simony, clerical marriages, and immorality in the church. The succession of popes became more favorable because the expectations of the pope were heightened, as he was seen as a leader of faith having the grandest morals. Pope Gregory VII brought hope to the people by wanting to establish "right order in the world," and this stimulated people to regain faith in Christianity. Christianity influenced art, literature, and education. Art and architecture were ways to demonstrate Christian belief through divine cathedrals, paintings of biblical scenes, and portraits of popes. Charlemagne initiated the increase of literacy importance by instituting schooling in monastic communities. Changes in education during this time period were the foundation of cathedral schools, interests in ancient texts, and the education of the common people with the

The loss of one of its great powers caused the Catholic Church great distress. Pope Pius VI, who ruled during the Revolution, died and in 1799, Pope Pius VII was elected. Pius VII inherited many problems, including the division between France and Rome.

500, the Church flourished due to new popularity(Ries ..pg.12) Charlemange was crowned the first Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo the third.(Ries,pg.14) Pope Gregory told the monks of England to burn all Idols.( Ries,pg.12)Many Kings who were german became Holy Roman Emperor ( Ries, pg.14) The Great Schism was when the church of christianity officially split, though the Eastern branches of the Church had long been divided on religious beliefs .(Ries,pg.17) Pope Gregory VII made and reinstated the papal Primacy( Ries,pg.14) Pope Gregory VII stopped kings from appointing bishops with the treaty known as the Concordat at Worms.( Ries,p14.)

The Council of Florence was a continuation of the Council of Ferrara, called nearly a year earlier but moved when the plague hit the area (Catholic Online, “The Council of Florence”). With much of the Byzantine Empire occupied by the Ottoman Turks, the Council proposed that the Church reunify to fight off the Muslim threat to Europe as one. The Church council attendees included many Western clergy as well as a few notable people of the Eastern Empire, including the Patriarch of Constantinople and the Byzantine Emperor John VIII (Majeska, “Council of Florence”). A short-lived union with the Eastern Church was established with the East’s acceptance of several points of contention (New Advent, “The 21 Ecumenical Councils”). However, both the council and the union were short lived because the council began to dissolve into reformist conversations with pressure from many Eastern Christians. The Eastern Church began arguing about elections and divine service, as well as about synods and provincial councils. The Western Church lashed back, and the unity between the Churches was over (Catholic Online). Despite the fact that this unity was short-lived and seemed relatively insignificant at the time, the Council of Florence was the first

Schism of 1054, also called East–West Schism, event that precipitated the final separation between the Eastern Christian churches (led by the patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius) and the Western Church (led by Pope Leo IX). The mutual excommunications by the Pope and the Patriarch that year became a watershed in church history. The excommunications were not lifted until 1965, when Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras, following their historic meeting in Jerusalem in 1964, presided over simultaneous ceremonies that revoked the excommunication decrees.

Furthermore, the divisions between the revolutionaries were accentuated when the Roman Republic was declared in favour of the Pope being the leader of the Papal States. The previous Pope, Pius IX had fled to Naples after not being able to declare war on a fellow Catholic state and continued to work with a constitutional government until his flight from Rome. The republic was led by Mazzini who took care of all political issues and provided inspiration whilst Garibaldi was in charge of

The once Rome centered papacy, was now centered in France, and the people did not like this. So in efforts to combat this problem, factions in Rome elected their own pope. So for the next thirty one years or so, there existed two popes, one in Avignon, and another in Rome. These Popes battled for control over the church. To make matters even worse, a third man was elected as pope. So from the years 1409-1415, three men struggled for power. Eventually, church resolved the situations, but at this point damages had already been done to its prestige. The people were now skeptical of the church, and they did not know who to believe anymore. They had mistrust in their religious leaders, for now, they saw that truth and goodness had been replaced by arrogance and corruption, to the people, the teachings of Christ had been abandoned, the church at this point was in desperate need of reform.