The Great Spread Of Buddhism For The East

Josiah Harlan, an American famous for his adventures in India and Afghanistan, writes about the social situation of Afghanistan in the early 1800s. He has extensive notes about Hazara culture, although his writings are clearly affected by prejudiced racial and religious attitudes common in the West at the time. He certainly expresses his disapproval of Islamic ways, so his observations may not be fully reliable, but his observations of Hazarajat allow me to reconstruct the religious life of the Hazaras in this time period, albeit with some possible error due to his bias.

Afghanistan is a country that is mysterious to many outsiders. From the harsh landscape to the traditional social norms shared by its people, Afghanistan continues to mystify the world. The country’s unique location has influenced its history and people, and that of the nations and armies that have tried to conquer it. Like all nations, Afghanistan’s geography, infrastructure, history and people contribute to the overall culture of the country.

To understand how the culture of Afghanistan has developed, one must observe the geography of the country

Located in Agra, India the ______________________ was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

Mosque "Heart of Chechnya" - one of the largest Mosques in the world. Opened October 17, 2008 and named after Akhmad Kadyrov.

People in Afghanistan lived a different life during its monarchy years than right now. Afghanistan at first was conquered by Darius I of Babylonia circa 500 B.C., and by Alexander the Great of Macedonia in 329 B.C. The greatest king of Afghanistan is Mahmoud of Ghazni. He is a 11th-century conqueror who created an empire from Iran to India. In the 13th century, Genghis Khan took over the territory; the area wasn’t united as a single country until the 1700s. In 1870, Islam took root after the area got invaded by different Arab conquerors.The purpose of this paper is to see how Afghanistan was during its monarchy years before the war with Russia and take a look at its rulers and how they affected the country.

Foreword: Amannulah Khan was the 13th Emir and first king of Afghanistan . A deeply controversial monarch (both in life and in death ), Amanullah Khan was both loved by some for his liberal tendencies and commitment to Afghani Independence; and despised by others for his opposition to political Islam, and consequent disregard for the traditional rights and privileges, of Afghanistan’s tribal, military, and clerical elites . Abroad, he and his wife Soraya were most famous for undertaking the first ever foreign trip for an Afghan royal couple. A three-month long journey, which took the king and his wife, through

By and large, Afghanistan’s neighbors share a similar climate and religious background; however, some may say that is the extent of their similarities and relationships. As stated before, this is due to the geographical location of the country and importance to establish key logistical routes from the Arabian Sea, India, and other countries to the Northern parts of

Afghanistan has gone through centuries of turmoil, being controlled by different groups throughout its entire history. Starting with Indo-Europeans, to Persians, and Greek power with Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. India then had an influence, and in the 7th century the Islamic empire came to power. The European Dark Ages was the time of the Mongol Khanates in Afghanistan, with most of Afghanistan in the Persian Ilkhanate, and the northeastern peninsula in the Chagatai Khanate. This is where the Hazara ethnicity is believed to have originated (GALE|CX183...), which makes sense considering Amir’s descriptions of Hassan. In the early 16th century, a ruler from central Asia, Babur, set up camp in Kabul. He then goes to conquer India,

1.1 Introduction to Paghman: Paghman is beautiful town in hills near the capital “Kabul” of Afghanistan. It is

The Taj Mahal is the most famous example of Mughal architecture. The Taj Mahal is a complex of structures which include a mausoleum containing the tombs of the Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz Mahal after her death. Taj Mahal represents the power and the glory of the Mughal Empire also it is a symbol of love between Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. It is located near the Yamuna River in Agra which was the capital of the empire during that time. It covers a 580m x 300m area and the complex was ordered by grids. Even though only the traces can be seen today, the complex used have its own village, named Taj Ganji which was placed in the southern area in front of the gate. The entry gate was built in red

On certain occasions, the Taj Mahal is reflected in the water. This monument itself stands on a marble platform, with the Yamuna River to its back. Purely decorative 40m-high white minarets embellish each corner of the platform. These are not quite perpendicular and may have been designed to lean outwards. The reason behind this is being that, in the event of an earthquake, these minars they would fall away from the Taj rather than towards it. The red-sandstone mosque is a famous gathering place for the Muslims in the city of Agra. A similar building in the east, the Jawab, was built for

Within the bazaar, merchants would be organized into groups based on what they specialize in. For example, all weavers in one area, all bakers in another, and all silversmiths in another. Some bazaars are really old and massive. For instance, Tehran’s bazaar is a maze that has more than 6,000 stalls for merchants and 9 miles of walkways for customers. The bazaar is filled with portable charcoal braziers and the scent of foods, perfumes, flavors, and animals. The city of Shiraz’s bazaar is a labyrinth of yellow brick walkways with high, gently arched ceilings that influence the sounds of the bazaar to echo multiple times. In Tehran, there are about 9 million inhabitants that dwell in the city and the population keeps growing at a quick rate. Since Tehran wasn’t very important until it became the Qajar capital in the late 18th century, the city doesn’t have as many old and impressive buildings as other cities. However, Tehran does have the Gulistan Palace, and some mosques and government buildings built by the Pahlavi family. The second largest city, Mashhad, used to be an important trading post on the thriving Silk Road. Mashhad is also the burial place of the 8th Shiite imam, Ali Reza, so the city is holy to Shiite Muslims make pilgrimages there to visit the shrine and pay their respects. A mosque built by Queen Gauhar Shah Khatum, Tamerlane’s daughter-in-law, which is

Since pre-Islamic times Mecca has always been known as a sacred site, however due to mass construction and modernization, the sacredness of this holy city may be slowly dying. Mecca contains the Holy Mosque and the Kaaba. The Kaaba is a tall, box-like structure which stands in a courtyard in the center of the Holy Mosque, and it became established as the main object of pilgrimages to Mecca (Dictionary of Islamic Architecture). Mecca is the birth place of the prophet Muhammad and contains a lot of important historical sites such as the site where Muhammad was born, the house of the prophet’s wife Khadijah and the house of Abu Bakr, as well as Muhammad’s grandson’s house which was flattened by the King’s palace. All of these

During his reign, Taj Mahal is not the only monument that Shah Jahan made, but it is definitely stands out the most. Among the rest, Agra’s Pearl Mosque, the palace and great mosque of Delhi, Diwan-e-Aam and Diwan-e-Khas inside the Red Fort of Delhi (taj.gov.in).