The Green Chemistry Approach Used For Quick Synthesis

In “Chemistry: Green and Clean, the author builds an argument that Chemists are finding ways to save energy, cut waste and boost safety. Author Jennifer Weeks uses Green chemists working to identify chemical products and processes that are wasteful, Green chemists working to swap out harmful ingredients for safer alternatives, Green chemists working to modify processes to use less energy and cut waste to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of her argument.

Hugh Savagè has liver cancer. Chemotherapy failed, surgery failed. In a last ditch attempt to save his own life, Hugh signs up for a miracle trial using nanotechnology. In this trial, the widely-used chemotherapy drug Epirubicin was attached to nanodiamonds (carbon structures with a diameter of about five nanometres) to cultivate a nanodiamond-Epirubicin drug delivery complex (EPND). Researchers have found that while both the usual Epirubicin and EPND are capable of killing normal cancer cells, only EPND is capable of killing chemo resistant cancer stem cells and preventing secondary tumour formation in xenograft models of liver cancer.

For sample A, I predicted that it was either potassium or sodium because the chloride salt before the experiment was very similar in texture, size, and colour, (small, white/clear, powdery grains). While burning, all three of the samples produced an orange flame that became smoother at the end. As I anticipated, sample A turned out to be potassium. Although, I had trouble distinguishing whether the sample was K or Na because of how similar they were throughout the whole process. As for sample B, my prediction was that it was either zinc or lithium, since they were the only element samples that were wet because water vapour was absorbed from the air. In addition to that, sample B had a bright crimson/orange flame, just like Li, although the overall shape and length of the flame was more similar to Zn. It turned out that sample B is a Zn ion and a Li ion. This seems accurate because the sample had many similarities with both elements, although I wouldn’t have guessed that it was a mix of both elements. Rather, I blamed my perception and the observations I made.

The objective of Part 1 of this experimental procedure includes the isolation of a pure trimyristin from the mixture of compounds in nutmeg. The objective of Part 2 of this experimental procedure includes synthesizing myristic acid from the previously produced and collected trimyristin by hydrolysis. The myristic acid in its crude form will be recrystallized for purity. All products and compounds will then be tested for purity by taking their melting points.

It has been documented that substance P interacts with peroxisome proliferator- activated receptors- gamma (PPAR-γ). Substance P decreases the level of PPAR γ that reduces the survival of neurons.[8] PPAR- γ decreases the level of proinflammatory mediators[9], increase development and growth of brain size and increase level of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression.[39] ChAT is involved in synthesis and formation of acetylcholine by catalyzing the transfer of an acetyl group from the acetyl-CoA to choline yielding acetylcholine (ACh).[10] Substance P decreases the PPAR-γ level which upregulate inflammatory mediator level and reduces synthesis and formation of acetylcholine resulting in neurodegeneration.

The measurement of lycopene level in the serum and breast tissue of different groups revealed the bioavailibity of lycopene, thus ascertaining the interpretation of the obtained results.

The selection of the benzidine and o-phenylenediamine monomers for polymerization, is to form the corresponding potential poly(benzidine-co-o-phenylenediamine) emeraldine base which obviously, comprise of a particular quantity of the surface amino groups, supporting the binding of organic units that have acidic features with the composite surface [2-3]. For example, thyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, and doxorubicin have been revealed that the nanoparticles are promising as drug carriers [2-3] or antibacterial reagents [ ].

For this work, all the chemicals were used an analytical grade, and as received without additional purification. All aqueous solutions were made by using high purity deionized water with a resistivity (ρ) 18 MΩcm-1. Silver Nitrate (AgNO3, 99.0%), Copper (II) Sulfate Pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O, 99.0%), Povidone (PVP- (C6H9NO)n, 99.0%), Sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 99.0%), and Absolute Ethanol (C2H5OH,

Targeted gene suppression by anti-sense DNA and siRNA exhibit many important preclinical results for a variety of diseases, such as many forms of cancer,genetic disorders,and macular degeneration.The skin is an attractive site for the delivery of nucleic acid-based drugs for the treatment of skin disorders.Topical application of nucleic acids have many therapeutic effects for suppressing genes in the skin.In this paper,scientists introduced spherical nucleic acid nanoparticle conjugates(SNA-NCs). SNA-NCs is designed as inorganic gold particles densely coated with highly oriented oligonucleotides. SNA-NCs can enter almost 100% of keratinocytes in vitro,Mouse skin, and human epidermis within hours after application.This design show a remarkable

Aim 1: Formulate and optimize fluorescently-coated SPIO nanoparticles for cellular uptake by rMSCs. Fluorescently-coated SPIO nanoparticles will be formulated by an existing water-in-oil reverse micelle method protocol [7]. The

Herein, we report the PEG-LHRH peptide conjugated mTS-mPAE NPs for the targeted delivery of mTOR siRNA to the lung tumor cells, utilizing bioreducible cationic polymer mPAE based NPs as the delivery carrier. Towards this aim, mTS-mPAE NPs was synthesized using the nanoprecipitation method to encapsulate the mTOR siRNA and form mTS-mPAE NPS. The mTS-mPAE NPs was then conjugated with PEG and PEG-LHRH to form non-targeted(NT-NPs) and targeted (T-NPs) gene delivery system for the treatment of lung cancer. The NT-NPs and the T-NPs of uniform size, zeta potential were produced. The PEG and PEG-LHRH was conjugated on the NP surface by covalent conjugated.

SEM images of AgNP are shown at resolution of0.5 µm inFig.6 (a) &Fig 6 (b). BiosynthesizedAg-NPs are spherical shaped and well distributed with aggregation. This image gives information about the organic moieties adsorbed on the surface of nanoparticles which serve as a reducing and also as a capping agent. The quantitative analysis of synthesized nanoparticleswas carried out using EDAX. The EDAX showed high silver content of 41%. The spectrum also showed the presence of Oxygen & Carbon of 46.11% and 7.11%, respectively (Fig. 5).

- Assessment of the competence of C-dots modification as a bioimaging agent. This will be done in collaboration with researchers in Pharmacy.

A lot of efforts have been made by researchers to synthesis Ag nanoparticles by various methods, such as, chemical reduction,9 gamma ray radiation,10 electrochemical method,11 laser ablation,12 microwave13 and photochemical reduction.14 In recent years, the necessity of environmental safety leads to the rising interest in biological approaches. Interestingly, green synthesis has proven many advantages to synthesis AgNPs over any other approaches due to low cost, non-toxicity, repeatability, bulk production, environmental friendly, less time consuming, ease of synthesis, avoiding capping agents used in chemical synthesis etc.15 Number of biological method to synthesized metal nanoparticles are available in literature, such as, using microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and plants.16,17 But this process involves the tedious procedure of maintaining microbial cultures. The plant extracts give a good choice for synthesis of metal nanoparticles as they are widely dispense, easily accessible and much safer to handle, nontoxic and provides a natural capping agents. Plant extracts is also of great interest for its use in antioxidant activity as plants contain a wide variety of free radicals scavenging molecules including phenols, flavonoids, vitamins, terpenoids are rich in antioxidant activity.18 Plant extracts act reducing as well as stabilizing

Natural products are invaluable resource of anticancer drug discovery. They generally viewed as safe but weak, within the framework of nanotechnology, they can serve as template for potent anticancer drugs. We first evaluated the cytotoxic activity of different propolis extracts (water, hydroalcohol, ethanol and hexane) in many cancer cell lines, then the solid nanoparticles from the organic solvent extracts were prepared and their cytotoxicity was evaluated as well. Finally, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) liposomes were prepared from the most cytotoxic organic solvent extract and their cytotoxicity was also evaluated.