The Growth Of The Brazilian Economy

After FDI inflows falling to only 345million in 1986 due to lack of confidence in Brazil’s ability to repay foreign debt, Brazil’s economic situation has been consistently improving as the government strategies for industrialisation were restructured with a movement more to funding industrialisation through FDI rather than borrowing from Foreign markets.

B. Thesis: Brazil is a country known for its vibrant, colorful and lively culture. It has a lot to offer, from its great one of a kind vacation spots to the captivating sound of the

For administrative purposes such as the national Brazilian census (Advameg, Inc., “Culture”), “Brazil is separated into five regions: North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast and South”. (IBGE, 2017) These divisions roughly correspond to the geographic, demographic, economic, and cultural variation within the nation. Despite segmentation, frequent racial inter-breeding has made Brazil one of the most racially diverse

As a result, São Miguel neighbors created organizations to transform the barrio and to improve the quality of life for the working-class population. In the 1960s, São Miguel was changing politically and tensions between the working class and government were emerging. All these elements shaped and influenced working-class identity. However, rural-urban migration had the most dramatic effect on the transformation of São Paulo. Various migrants from Brazil traveled to this city and along their journey, they encountered and faced several challenges. Nevertheless, migration created and formed a working class community in São Paulo. This paper will specifically analyze how rural-urban migration affected the formation of a working-class community in São

The state of São Paulo can be found in this region, which is the nation’s main economic and demographic income. Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro are also large contributors. Rio de Janeiro was the national capital from 1763 to 1960, but remains Brazil’s main cultural and tourist attraction (The World Factbook). The South, is the smallest of Brazil’s regions. The Central-West consists of Brasília, the national capital. This region covers roughly one-fourth of Brazil, including forested valleys, semiarid highlands, and vast wetlands (Encyclopedia Britannica). Due to its size in mass and population there is an abundant amount poverty and income inequality within the country that is at the heart of the country’s lack of economic growth.

Despite the numerous strides made towards achieving greater social equality, poverty remains one of Brazil’s major challenges that are pervasive throughout the entire country. The extent of poverty and deep social inequality that persists in Brazil can be encapsulated by the stark contrast between sprawling favelas and the adjacent multimillion residences in cities such as Rio de Janeiro. Gender is still another dimension that can be used to analyze and interpret poverty by looking at the unequal distribution of wealth, as well as the concentration of poverty between rural and urban centers. However, it is imperative to recognize that Brazil’s economy has experienced exponential growth over the past twenty years, albeit causing a further divide

Brazil is the chief nation in South America with a population of 201,032,714, sustaining a growth rate

From the formation of these slums, the government never paid much attention to the welfare of these residents. The members of these favelas began to work together to provide medical care, methods of transportation and other necessities to one another. They lived in silence in the first half of the twentieth century until they began to attract political attention near the second half of the twentieth century. Due to the favelas being located near Rio’s most affluent neighborhoods, the Brazilian government attempted to eradicate the favelas. However, they failed to address the root causes of Rio’s poverty-stricken areas and the favela population maintained their expansion unwaveringly through the 1950’s, 60’s and 70’s. The government lost hope in the evacuation of the favelas and abandoned their endeavor in the late 1970s.

Rio de Janeiro is a seaside city in Brazil. It is the second largest city in Brazil and third largest metropolis in all of South America (Encyclopedia). Rio de Janeiro is widely known for their favelas, which are the slums in Brazil within its urban areas. Favelas were created at the end of the nineteenth century, when Brazil was transitioning from a monarchy to a republic (Brown University). By the 1920s, the city had become an important industrial center with a population exceeding one million people (Advameg Inc.). By the 1940s, the population of Rio had nearly grown to two million people and the government could no longer control urban growth, as skyscrapers and large apartment buildings were eradicated replacing the older, smaller community

Land in Mexico City is being urbanized in a fast speed and at the moment Mexico City surrounds 20 per cent of the inhabitants in Mexico. The urban inhabitants in the city is still growing due to immigration and natural growth. During 1950 to1970 the large fragment of the city’s inhabitant’s development was produced by rural migration. The reason for this migration was industrial development and necessity for workers in the city. Since 1980 the populace advance has been growing both by immigration and natural increase (Avila 2001, DESIPAPD 1995)

In 1991 Brazil had a debt of $123 billion.This is owed to the USA, the

Brazil is the largest economy in Latin America and the seventh largest economy in the world with a GDP of US$2.246 trillion as of 2014. It has only been within the last few years that Brazil has begun to reap the benefits of nearly two decades of reform. A strong performance through the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) highlighted the country’s newfound stability as much of the reason for this strong performance can be traced to a series of specific policy decisions that have attacked glaring issues hindering economic growth. Brazil’s implementation of such strategies as the Growth Acceleration Plan, Bolsa Familia and My House, My Life have all encouraged and facilitated the foreign and domestic investment that has propelled Brazil’s

Within this paper we will be exploring the country of Brazil and more specifically, the city of Rio de Janeiro. The focus of this paper will be the link between poverty and race in Rio. Rio has one of the highest populations in Brazil that currently live in favelas (the slums of Brazil), close to 25 percent and all of these people are currently living below the poverty line. There are many causes of poverty, but there are also many solutions and current initiatives that are currently being implemented by the Brazilian government. While Brazil is an extremely diverse country, the poverty line also happens to mainly be a segregation between races. The poor are marginalized in the city, with their dangerous and less than ideal living conditions and rising living expenses. This includes things from bus fares to health problems; from living in such tight quarters, like the ones in the favela slums, to little to no social security benefits. The rich, on the other hand, are living in the developed areas of the city and do not face these same issues. Most recently there was the summer Olympics in Rio, which managed to shine a very bright light on all of these issues we will be discussing throughout this paper. The Olympics were intended to show Brazil as an upcoming economic player, but managed to do the complete opposite and create a large stage for protestors and activists to speak on the issues happening in Brazil. These

1. One of the most defining traits that has been present within Latin America from the time of the early 1900’s to the present day is the problem of income inequality that spans throughout the entirety of the large grouping of countries. Income inequality can be defined as the gap in which money is distributed amongst the people in a nation. More simply put, it is the difference in how much more the wealthy have over everyone else. While income inequality is present within almost all societies, the causes, people affected, and range of this phenomenon differ depending on the situation. In the case of Latin America, while the causes can differ from country to country, the people affected are usually the same: the native and non light skinned people. As stated the before, the causes of this can differ from things such as land forcefully being taken from the native people to the idea of social darwinism that believes light skin people deserve to be in positions of power leaving people different than them to be deprived of their basic needs to survive. Although these are primary reasons that support this problem, one of the largest contributors to Latin America’s income gap comes in the form of the economic model of ISI (Import Substitution Industrialization) development that was popular during the 1940’s-1980’s.

Curitiba, capital of the state of Parana ́ in Brazil, originated with a strong emphasis on transportation, as the first patches of rail-road constructions in 1880s between the city and ports of its state upgraded Curitiba into a strategic location for business and trade (Macedo 2004). Although the city experienced growth through capital investment in coffee production since 1940s (Macedo 2013), the significant driver of Curitiba 's expansion was the mechanisation of agriculture and its emerging industrial and commercial importance since 1960s, during which the resulting rural in-migration of displaced labour-force fueled urban