The Gulag

The Great Terror was one of the single greatest loss of lives in the history of the world. It was a crusade of political tyranny in the Soviet Union that transpired during the late 1930’s. The Terrors implicated a wide spread cleansing of the Communist Party and government officials, control of peasants and the Red Army headship, extensive police over watch, suspicion of saboteurs, counter-revolutionaries, and illogical slayings. Opportunely, some good did come from the terrors nonetheless. Two of those goods being Sofia Petrovna and Requiem. Both works allow history to peer back into the Stalin Era and bear witness to the travesties that came with it. Through the use of fictional story telling and thematic devises Sofia Petrovna and Requiem, respectively, paint a grim yet descriptive picture in a very efficient manner.

Whether Orwell is recreating the ghastly atmosphere of fear and torture in Nazi Germany or in the most repressive part of the Stalinist regime, we see clearly the opposition between the charismatic leader and his inner corps of privileged lieutenants, and the collective mass of dehumanised persons who are no longer individuals. Paradoxically,

In One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn shows how Soviet prisoners, known as Zeks, are treated while being in the gulag for one day through the eyes of the protagonist and omniscient narrator named Ivan Denisovich Shukhov. Despite being in an environment such as the Soviet Union, where there is harsh tundra and not much food to eat, Shukhov tries to make good use of what he has received while trying to keep himself alive. The purpose of Solzhenitsyn’s portrayal of food is to show its overall significance and that it is used as a means of trade and survival. Over time, the power of food reveals its significance to the Zeks and especially to Shukhov and food allows both groups understanding towards the necessity of food for their vitality and well-being additionally.

Imagery: The author uses imagery to describe the Russian prisoners’ lives in the camps. This imagery makes them look pathetic and frail, causing the reader to feel empathetic and sorry for them. Also we see the same idea of imagery within the hospitals and what happens in them. The description of gore and fear emphasizes the theme of death

One of the most brutal mistakes made by Stalin was the creation of a GULAG. It is difficult to give a precise characterization of its purpose. The aim of this work is to answer the question, “Can we generalize why certain people were able to survive the Gulag more than others?” To survive the Gulag, many prisoners had to fight with others for food, shelter, and simple medical care. Certain prisoners went into religious and intellectual meditations to preserve at least the appearance of intelligence. The survival required willpower, strength of mind, skills, mercilessness, and a lot of luck.

To begin with, this book educated the reader about the past. Everyone in the Soviet Union looked up to the leader, Stalin, even though he wasn’t a good leader at all. He caused many problems for the citizens including uncomfortable living conditions. This book educates the reader by showing that back then even when people were treated badly, they still had to look up to their leader even though he was the cause of all

Every former Gulag prisoner explained his/her survival as a result of many insignificant strategies. A variety of memoirists claimed that the only reason why they have survived was due to their spiritual life. To distract themselves for the physical sufferings, many prisoners created mental

The Russian Revolution and the purges of Leninist and Stalinist Russia have spawned a literary output that is as diverse as it is voluminous. Darkness at Noon, a novel detailing the infamous Moscow Show Trials, conducted during the reign of Joseph Stalin is Arthur Koestler’s commentary upon the event that was yet another attempt by Stalin to silence his critics. In the novel, Koestler expounds upon Marxism, and the reason why a movement that had as its aim the “regeneration of mankind, should issue in its enslavement” and how, in spite of its drawbacks, it still held an appeal for intellectuals. It is for this reason that Koestler may have attempted “not to solve but to expose” the shortcomings of this political system and by doing so

Soviet officials prioritised the establishment of Communist Hegemony in the GDR (Bruce 2003, p. 6) and therefore allocated vast resources to controlling threats (Bruce 2003, p. 14). The end of World War II saw eleven internment camps established, intended for Nazis and those against communism (Bruce 2003, p. 6), and from 1945 to 1954, Erica Riemann found herself interned in a number of them (Molloy 2009, p. 65). We may be aware of GDR paranoia resulting in prosecution of imagined crimes (Bessel 2011, p. 154), but it is through individual stories that the reality of this comes across. The fact that a schoolgirl was interrogated, assaulted and sleep deprived for hours in a dungeon for taking lipstick to a picture of Stalin (Molloy 2009, p. 66) reveals the absurdity and extent of the cruelty that the SED went to. The details of long nightly interrogations and starvation help us understand how a normal teenager ended up confessing to being part of Nazi resistance (Molloy 2009, p. 66). It is through examples of people being mocked, raped, starved, assaulted, threatened and killed that we can begin to imagine the experiences of prisoners. Recounts of Erica’s attempted suicide and the inability to hold relationships (Molloy 2009, p. 73) create a deeper understanding of the

“In the struggle with falsehood art always did win and it always does win!” Alexander Solzhenitsyn, a Soviet dissident, espoused this philosophy to the Swedish Academy. He spoke of the power of art in combating the tyranny and lies of a corrupt government, and as a medium for evaluating society. He was at various times, a soldier in the Soviet army, a political prisoner of the Soviet state, a celebrity for his literary works, and an exile from all of Russia. His fiery philippic against Stalin landed him in prison for eight years; his account of prison life made him immensely popular during the de-Stalinization years of the early 1960’s, and he was deported for his most famous work, The Gulag Archipelago. He has become a symbol of the

Even in modern Russia, the atrocities that took place at the Gulags are either not understood by all Russians or not accepted. According to Anne Applebaum, a Pulitzer Prize winning journalist with The Economist and expert on Soviet history, “Tragically, Russia’s lack of interest in its past has deprived the Russians of heroes, as well as victims” (Applebaum 573). Today, many Russian citizens are not fully aware of everything that took place in Gulags. Many Westerners, however, also lack knowledge about these events. The Soviet government’s cover up of these events is still preventing the horrors of the Gulags from reaching common knowledge.

Gulag Voices by Anne Applebaum is a collection of stories of people who lived in the Gulag camp system because the NKVD arrested them for political crimes. All of the stories in this novel describe different situations the prisoners endured. Some female prisoners were raped while the male prisoners were sent to concentration camps to support the soviet industry by mining, cutting trees for lumber, or working in factories. This novel gives real background into how the camp system changed their lives and stayed with them forever. Gulag Voices shows the prisoners coped emotionally, psychologically, and physically with being in the camp system. The stories from this novel also show why some of the prisoners were arrested and what the crimes they

Were it a testimony to the rigors and cruelness of human nature, it would be crushing. As it is, it shatters our perception of man and ourselves as no other book, besides perhaps Anne Franke`s diary and the testimony of Elie Wiesl, could ever have done. The prisoners of the labor camp, as in Shukhov?s predicament, were required to behave as Soviets or face severe punishment. In an almost satirical tone Buinovsky exclaims to the squadron that ?You?re not behaving like Soviet People,? and went on saying, ?You?re not behaving like communist.? (28) This type of internal monologue clearly persuades a tone of aggravation and sarcasm directly associated to the oppression?s of communism.

In One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, Alexander Solzhenitsyn portrays the fictional rendition of a single day’s conflicts for a Zek within a Stalinist labor camp. Conflict aids the novel by allowing the reader to better understand the endeavors the prisoners experience. To express the conditions within the gulags, Solzhenitsyn shows how Ivan survives his agonizing daily tasks. From working through frigid temperatures to trudging through the surroundings of snow and ice, Ivan and the other prisoners labor through the harsh elements with their minimal strength in order to complete their assigned duty. Another conflict occurs by the Zeks against each other. Distrust runs high, making gulag life more difficult. The men also commonly

When Nikita Khrushchev seized control over the Soviet Union he kicked off what is known as the “Thaw” began. This period in time when citizens were forced into labor camps where millions of people were sent for crimes against the country that included practicing certain religions, having communications with foreign persons, and talking out contrary to the government. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich was a controversial short novel published in 1962 that was fiction, but based in reality about the “gulag” (Solzhenitsyn PG#) prison system that Joseph Stalin, the dictator who ruled the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1952. During Stalin's rule of fear, millions were arrested and shipped off to gulags. One Day in the Life of Ivan