The HEXACO Personality Inventory Model

The Five-Factor Model originated in an attempt to compile trait-related terms as researchers were dissatisfied with

The five-factor model (FFM) is a contemporary construct describing personality. It incorporates five traits – openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism also referred to as OCEAN. Within each dimension, there are specific personality attributes, for example, openness includes subcategories of feelings and actions. The FFM was influenced by Cattell’s 16-factor model (1957) and shares traits with many other personality theories such as Eysenck’s PEN model. There has been an ongoing debate discussing how many factors appropriately represent the brain structure of personality, suggestions have varied from 2-7, recently Almagor et al. (1995) advocated that a 7-factor model unfolds when evaluative traits are involved. Costa & Mcrae (1992) claim that the FFM is the best theory of personality, however, the model has received much criticism. Through examining different aspects of the model its credibility can be explored.

There are five major dimensions of personality: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. Neuroticism includes anxiety, depression, hostility, impulsiveness, self-consciousness, and vulnerability. Warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement seeking and positive emotions characterize extraversion. Openness includes openness to fantasy, aesthetics, feelings, actions, ideas and values. The facets of agreeableness include altruism, compliance, modesty, straightforwardness, tender-mindedness, and trust. Conscientiousness includes achievement striving, competence, deliberation, dutifulness, order and self-discipline (Article 3).

found later on in the textbook is called the Five-Factor model of personality (Cervone & Pervin,

Costs & McCrae, (1995) supported the development that each of the Five Factor Model (FFM) further split into six facets, (Widiger & Costa, 2012). The five factor model and their six facets are explained as: “Extraversion (E) – gregariousness, sociability, affiliation, dominance, boldness and forcefulness, Agreeableness (A) - generous, cooperative, altruistic and warm, Conscientiousness (C) – responsible, efficiency, dependability, carefulness and organization, Neuroticism (low ES) – anxiousness, insecurity, indecisiveness and being tense /Emotional Stability (ES) - self-reliant and stable and Openness to Experience (O) – imaginative, unconventional, curious, original and independent minded” (Ehrhart et. al., 2008) allowing the five factor model to be effective in developing cross-cultural questionnaires (Costs & McCrae, 1995).

Moreover, what is personality testing designed to measure? The Myers Briggs Type Indicator, used in the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, bases personality on four dimensions: extraversion or introversion, sensing or intuition, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving (Ford-Martin, 2015). Extroverts are those more focused on others and the outside world, while introverts tend to keep to themselves. The dimension of sensing or intuition measures whether the individual perceives the world more efficiently using the five senses, or if they tend to lean on their intuition (Ciccarelli, 2014). The dimension of thinking or feeling measures whether individuals prefer to

They five dimensions are neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Items on this inventory are rated on a five-point scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree.

Horoscopes, palm readers, and personality quizzes - what do they all have in common? They all get part of the story right. Personality tests, like the Meyers-Briggs or Hexaco, through their questions can identify some personality traits accurately, but they are not ever 100 percent accurate, which was definitely true for the Hexaco test we took.

This theory consists of broad, long-lasting dispositions that can be assessed. The five-factor model consists of representations of the core description of human personality, the only dimensions necessary to understand what makes us tick. The “Big Five” in the model are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The advantages of this theory are being able to identify personality traits using assessments and questionnaires as a more reliable method of assessing personality. Disadvantages of the trait theory includes a focus on broad dimensions instead of uniqueness of individuals and the tendency for biased

Each dimension contains a wide range of specific traits. The one that interest us is the agreeableness which contains traits such as being good-natured, cooperative, forgiving, compassionate, understanding and trusting. Indeed, those can be used as a reference to kindness (= being nice).

Currently, there are various forms of assessment instruments that are used for diagnosing personality patterns and related psychopathological symptoms. Among many of them, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) are two of the major assessment instruments that are designed to assess personality traits and symptoms of certain personality disorders for those who are adults. As two of the most prevalent personality tests in the field of mental health, MMPI-2 and MCMI-III share various similarities in some way, however, there are also various major

The research used the Five-Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) to contribute to the validity of it, in three different aspects: generalizability and reliability, construct validity, and predictive validity. Overall, 249 participants, 120 males and 129 females, were separate into three different sample groups. The first sample consisted of 23 psychology students who completed the self-ratings. Each of the 23 students was asked to contact five people who knew them well; this made the second sample. The second sample was asked to rate themselves and the person who contacted them. Each member of the second sample was asked to contact a friend that did not belong to the first nor second sample. The third sample of 115 were asked to rate the person

Among the numerous psychological models of personality studied in this chapter, I believe the most useful model of personality is the five-factor model. Rather than focusing on character traits, the unconscious, or learning principles, this model describes personality as being derived from five higher-order traits known as the “Big Five” (Weiten, McCann, 2016). The Big Five, developed by Robert McCrae and Paul Costa, consists of extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Thesis (?): This model is most compelling to me as I can easily identify fundamental aspects of my personality with it.

The NEO PIR is a test to identify important personality traits and assess normal adult personality. The test is centered on a five factor model or the big five, of personality. The five factor model or the five personality domains are the main test categories (Costa & McCrae, 2015). The test is widely used in clinical psychology, behavioral medicine, psychiatric, vocation counseling and professional settings to assess personality. The test consists of 240 questions and takes approximately 35 minutes to complete and requires a sixth grade reading level (Costa & McCrae, 2015). The NEO PIR has undergone many updates since the original publication in the 1970’s. The NEO PIR is primarily used to assed adult personality not intended to assess mental health issues. The NEO PIR is an internationally recognized and reputable standard for personality assessment.

The Five Factor Model or Big Five model developed by McCrae and Costa factor together personality traits into 5 major categories. Those factors were Neuroticism (worried insecure, nervous, highly strung), Extraversion (Sociable, talkative, fun-loving, affectionate), Openness (Original, independent, creative, daring), Agreeableness (Good-natured, softhearted, trusting, courteous), and Conscientiousness (Careful, reliable, hardworking, organized). (Schultz & Schultz, 2013). They are able to include most of other lower order traits accounting for specific dimensions of individual differences in personality. (Schultz & Schultz, 2013)