The HPV Vaccine and Its Effect on Cancer Screening and Prevention

HPV is so common in the United States that nearly all men and women will contract the virus at some point during life (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2017). In the United States, in 2008, it is reported that 3.2 million, or one in four adolescent women, ages 14 to 19 have had or have an STD (Kostas-Polston et al., 2012). The rate of HPV cases has only increased since 2008. The prevalence of a genital infection with any HPV type was 42.5% among United States during 2013–2014 (CDC, 2017). The incidence of HPV in the United States is about 14 million people each year.

The HPV virus has gone unseen by many until the recent controversy over the vaccine. However, this virus is thought to be one of the world’s most wide spread STD’s. “According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 6.2 million women and men are newly infected every year” with HPV. HPV has over 100 strains, with more than thirty that are sexually transmitted. Some of these strains are known to cause cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, or penis cancers and others can cause genital warts. “Studies have found the vaccine to be almost 100% effective in preventing diseases caused by the four HPV types covered by the vaccine—including precancers of the cervix, vulva and vagina, and genital warts” (“HPV Questions and

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of more than 40 types of viruses that infect the genital areas, throats (recurrent respiratory papillomatosis), and mouths of males and females and is the number one most common sexually transmitted disease (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2009). It is spread by genital contact. It is most easily spread by vaginal and anal sex, but also through oral sex and even just genital-to-genital (skin-to-skin). In 90% of people that contract HPV, their own immune system

Schmidt and Parsons investigated the trends of HPV vaccination, interests, and reasons for non-vaccination in young adult women. Results of testing showed that women who had received one or more doses of the vaccine were more likely to be between the ages of 18-21, to be non-hispanic white, to have private health insurance and a usual source of care that has not been delayed, and to have more than a high-school education. Among women 18-26 years of age, the HPV vaccine uptake increased from 11.6% in 2008 to 34.1% in 2012. In 2008 and

What is HPV (human papilloma virus)? HPV is the most common STI (sexually transmitted infection). There is a definite link with cervical cancer, which can cause other cancers. The Gardasil vaccine was approved in 2006 and the key age for this vaccine is eleven years old (Whitehead). Moreover, females can get vaccinated up to the age of twenty-six and the vaccine will still be effective. In, addition, males can be vaccinated up to the age of twenty-one and the vaccine will still be effective (Whitehead). However, vaccinations are still not widely accepted and often have a bad reputation associated with them which makes it harder to propose the idea of vaccination. When vaccinating younger children parents are the main controversy (Whitehead). Many parents do not feel the need to vaccinate their child against a sexually transmitted infection because the key age for this vaccination is eleven years old. Many parents do not want to think that their young child could ever be sexually active. However, the reason for vaccination at such a young age is to prevent HPV from ever being a problem. In addition, the vaccine, Gardasil, is effective against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (FDA). Furthermore, there is a link between Gardasil vaccination and race within society as a whole. This link can widen racial inequality more than it diminishes racial inequality.

As the article dives deeper into the HPV vaccine debate some interesting points were brought up. One thing that was very striking was that cervical cancer kills more than five thousand women in America every year and this number increases in developing countries. It would seem that this is enough of a problem to raise a sense of alarm. Another fact that was given was that HPV is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. A big reason for this is that there are over two hundred strands of HPV and the diversity of this virus helps it to spread. In order for women to be protected against some of the HPV strands she should receive the vaccine before becoming sexually active. This seems to be the push to get girls vaccinated early. Since the average age of first intercourse is under the age of

Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States. Most sexually active people will have genital HPV at some time in their lives. Most people who have genital HPV don’t know they have it. There are often no symptoms, and it goes away on its own, without causing any serious health problems. HPV is passed on through genital contact, and you can pass HPV to others without knowing it. There is no cure for HPV, but there

Thesis statement: Healthcare providers should educate the parents of 11-12 year old boys and girls about human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the HPV vaccine because HPV infection is prevalent and the chance of an adolescent being infected is high, persistent infection with the high-risk types 16 and 18 can cause serious health problems, and in order to assure effectiveness, the vaccine must be administered prior to contact with the virus.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) accounts for the third most prevalent cancer in females worldwide,15 as it is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI).2 There are more than 100 subtypes of HPV; 16 of those subtypes are known to be high-risk.15 HPV is a crucial precursor to cervical cancer in 99.8% of those affected,2 with subtypes 16 and 18 being the most common types.15

Statistic: Cervical cancer is also known as the third type of cancer that is common in women worldwide. More than 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer are reported in world and more than 250,000 people die from it every year due to the persistent infection with oncogenic type of HPV (NIH, 2017).

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the United States. HPV belong to a family of viruses that cause cell changes in the epithelia resulting in benign skin lesions called warts and verrucae. Type 6 and 11 cause warts and are included under the low risk HPVs,Types 16,18,31,33,45 cause cervical cancer and are included under high risk HPVs(CDC,2014). The virus affects the skin and mucous membrane especially of the reproductive organs. Cervical Cancer and other Ano-genital cancers are seen in women with persistent genital HPV infection. HPV that affects the

Being the 50 percent of sexually active people will have genital hpv in their lifetime the Human papilloma virus is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States of America.There are two vaccines that are currently available to prevent the Human papilloma virus that cause the most cervical cancers.The vaccines are Cervarix and Gardasil which also treats genital warts as well as anal and vaginal cancers. No federal laws yet mandate vaccinations but all states require certain vaccinations for children entering public schools. The human papilloma virus vaccine prevents infection with certain species of human papilloma virus associated with the development of cervical cancer and genital warts. The

In June 2006, pharmaceutical company Merck licensed the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, Gardasil, for both males and females. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that this vaccine be administered to females, starting at 11 or 12 years old. According to the MMWR, "genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States; an estimated 14 million persons are newly infected each year" (Markowitz et al., 2014). The Healthy People 2020 plan released four goals (STD-9, 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3) related to reducing the proportion of females with HPV, particularly types 6, 11, 16 and 18. It is hypothesized that the HPV vaccination can prevent HPV strains, particularly those that are underlying factors of cancer. This literature review attempts to

Most sexually active individuals will have detectable human papillomavirus (HPV) at least once in their lifetime. 14 million people are infected annually, and 79 million people have the prevalent infection. Approximate 5% of the cancers globally are HPV-associated anogenital or oral cancers (1). HPV is transmitted frequently between partners; more frequent transmission has been reported from females to males than from males to females (2). The incidence of anal and oral cancers related to HPV is increasing in the general population and is growing even faster among individuals who are immunocompromised because of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (3, 4). Two prophylactic vaccines (Gardasil and Cervarix) have been approved for a decade. Recently, the nonavalent vaccine including additional high-risk HPV types is promised to provide more coverage against cervical cancers (5). The HPV vaccine is recommended

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) claim that the Human papillomavirus (HPV) infects approximately 20 million people in the United States with 6.2 million new cases each year (CDC, 2009). 99.7% of cervical cancers are linked to human papillomavirus (CDC, 2009). Statistically it is known that an astounding 80% of females by the age of 50 years will eventually become infected with this virus. These