The Hard Engineering Solutions For Western Nations

Seawalls are also strategies that Cronulla and Collaroy implement on their beaches. However, the seawalls in Collaroy are buried under the sand and are only visible after large-scale erosion events. Whereas Cronulla beach’s seawalls are visible and reduce the scenic

Natural disasters are considered harmful in terms of coastal management and can often cause years of work to be wiped out. It can take large amounts of sand from the beach and remove plant life. Collaroy Beach has been a victim of such natural disasters. A large storm back in 1945 caused Collaroy Beach to empty out a large percentage of its sand and damaged many structures. Collaroy Beach’s local council, Warringah Council, has taken action to prevent storm damage in the future. A revetment wall has been established on the sand dunes so waves do not cause as much damage to the dunes behind. Warringah has also purchased properties that were residential and cleared them, so that a storm will not damage as many structures.

It has become common for sand dunes to be bulldozed to improve the views to the sea. However this destroys the natural protection of the coast. Human activities such as water transport also can cause problems for coastal areas. The dredging of navigation channels and the discharging of the material in deep water to enable larger ships to travel though water channels removes sediment from the coastal system leaving the area susceptible to erosion and will also interfere with longshore drift which will prevent the coastal beach landforms from being maintained such as the development of a spit. It is likely that a spit will be eroded and start to regress in conditions such as these.

This is not just an architectural design and the fashion, but because of the fact that the developers know that the land is being swallowed by the sea. More and more houses, hotels, shops and restaurants have decks and some piers that lead into and over the water. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection even has courses for those in construction to acknowledge the erosion and increase the proper design, construction and maintenance of erosion and sediment control. The beaches, whether sandy or rocky are the buffers that keep the sea at bay from the land behind enemy lines. They are nature’s way of saving all the people and their livelihoods from being swept away into the deep blue yonder. When waves crash into the beach it carries sediment with it and deposits such sediment. The alternative is that when a wave recedes back into the ocean it carries that sediment back to sea. This is usually done at an unequal rate, and leads to coastal erosion. In fact, coastal erosion is one of the reasons we have so many beautiful beaches around the world due to their unique shape. Long shore currents move water in a parallel direction of the shoreline, carrying the sand with it. But as we continue to build piers, docks, sea walls, and jetties

Economic Impact Industries were forced to move to Houston (“Martinez”). This caused a loss on huge sources of money for Galveston that otherwise would have been able to give Galveston a little bit of recovery. Individual losses plus public property losses such as paving, water works, schools, hospitals, and churches totaled to around, if not over, 30 million (“Resources”). Most of these losses would have had to been rebuilt immediately to keep the future of the younger people in the correct road to success. Because of all of the losses in the hurricane, Galveston never recovered economically (“Martinez”). Galveston is still at a large loss of money that it will probably never recover in our lifetimes. “The Texas Legislature agreed to a tax and sale of bonds to pay for raising the elevation of the city” (“Martinez”). Using the money raised from this tax, a 3 mile long seawall was built to protect the city from future floods

This investigation will be exploring whether the movement of pebbles, shingle, shells and other materials found on the beach have impacted on the shape and structure of Newhaven beach and Castlehead Cliff. One of the key processes this investigation will focus on is that of long shore drift caused by strong prevailing winds, prevailing wind is the direction from which the wind usually blows. Cliffs are made from mainly two materials, chalk which is at the bottom and sand and clay at the top. If cliffs are facing the direction of prevailing wind it may lead in high rates of cliff

There are 2 types of beaches. One is erosion dominant and the other is deposition

Soft engineering is working with nature by using natural materials or allowing nature to take back areas. some examples of this is beach nourishment is the process of dumping or pumping sand from elsewhere onto an eroding shoreline which is to create a new beach or to widen the existing beach,this technique is natural and makes the waves lose power travelling across it,However it dosen’t last very long and It does not stop erosion,it simply gives the erosional forces (usually waves) something else to erode for awhile,another type of soft engineering is managed retreat which is where Areas of the coast are allowed to erode and flood naturally,this makes the land become an marsh,slowing waves and reducing ersoion,however land is lost. Another type of coastal management is hard engineering involves building structures to protect the coast. Some examples of this is a sea wall,which is a wall set up to prevent the sea eroding an area of land,thishelps prevent flooding,however waves bounce off the wall and scour the beach removing

The prevailing wind that hits the coast is the main concern as it causes long-shore drift, which depletes sand levels at the south of Adelaide's coast. The way to combat this is by implementing groynes into a beach, which has been done at Glenelg and slightly north at the boat ramp. From an economical perspective, groynes are simply expensive to maintain. In the case of the ones along the coast, they are mainly made from large rocks, which means that they do gradually erode and collapse with time. A social impact of groynes would be that they are not pleasing to look at and ruin the recreational value of the beach. Like breakwaters, there are no immediate alternatives to groynes apart from removal. The removal of groynes would instigate more maintainable for the beaches. More work would need to be made in order to keep the sand evenly displaced across the

Erosion is unfortuanately present at Cronulla beach, the local government have tried to tackle this problem with solution such as dune stabilization and rip rap

There are many different types of coasts that exist throughout the United States. The south shore of Long Island has a unique types of coast known as a barrier beach. Barrier beaches are long narrow land forms that are composed of sand and other lose sediments. These sediments are brought together by the actions of waves, currents and storm surges. Barrier beaches are subject to constant changes by the same forces. Sand is constantly eroded in one area an deposited in another. Barrier coasts are important for a number of reasons; they protect the mainland of Long Island from the open ocean and flooding during storms, for recreational use and the unique ecosystems which exist on barrier

Galveston, Texas is located 50 miles southeast of Houston. It is known as a barrier island on the Texas Gulf Coast of the United States. The city Galveston, Texas was the home of around 37,000 residents in the early 1900’s. This island grew from being a small settlement into one of the wealthiest cities in the country. It was normal for people to visit Galveston, Texas for it was known as a "tourist attraction". There was always the idea of building a seawall to protect Galveston from future hurricanes but it was never built. Although many hurricanes had hit the city several times in the past (before 1900) no one would have thought that a hurricane that would

Galveston Island is rich in history and has population history that archeologist have dated back to Native Americans. It was settled by Europeans and established as a port for the Republic of Mexico. It was rich in immigration and dominated trade. It has a history of turmoil caused by war and natural disasters. Galveston Island formed as a typical barrier island. Galveston’s formation took place 5000 years ago, as wind and wave energy along with rising sea water levels moved sand around to form the island. The wave and wind energy is indicative of storm surge often caused by hurricane interaction. The building up of Galveston Island continued until 3000 years ago. The coastal shoreline continues to change and those changes appear to be happening more rapidly than once believed. There are several things that impact the changing shoreline of Galveston Island including; changes in sea level, subsidence, erosion, and destruction of coastal protections like dunes, marshes, and wetlands, all of which are highly impacted by powerful storms and hurricanes.

he issue of coastal resilience and sea level rise are issues of dire importance in the Tidewater area of Virginia. Recent events in the Gulf Coast area, which were devastated by Hurricane Harvey, prove the importance of these pressing issues in the coming years. Because of the Tidewater region’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, it the one of the most susceptible areas threatened by recent sea level rise, with most of the region lying less than fifteen feet above sea level(Weeks 2012). “…Low-lying neighborhoods flood regularly when heavy rains combine with high tides, swamping storm-water systems.” This regular flooding coupled with rise in sea level can and will become an issue if not seriously addressed by the local, state, and federal

Some amount of natural erosion is necessary to provide the sediment for beaches in estuaries and coastal bays. However, excessive erosion has occurred in the past due to development. Industrial and private development along the world’s coastlines has increased dramatically since the 1970s (Nepf). Developers and builders completed much of this construction without taking into account the effects of coastal erosion. New buildings were often placed too close to the existing shoreline so that