The Hawala Extortion Method

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Human trafficking has been entwined into the structure of governments, arms trade, drug trade, and even spreads as far as terrorism. For many years it has been a fact that the money that has been made by selling other humans to the highest bidder. It is also known that the organized crime operations generate one of the most profitable resources to the organization. These organizations use this money for theirs or other’s crime and end up in the hands of drug lords. Drug lords, in order to promote their own business give money to support terrorist groups and activities. Security after September 11, 2001 has recognized human trafficking as a national and international security risk.

The main payment systems to transfer funds to finance the global Islamic terrorism are through the traditional banking channel: wire-transfers and the hawala. Heads of terror groups operate in a different fashion, using higher value and higher risk methods of financing like drug trafficking in Afghanistan and diamond smuggling in Africa.

Chapter 11 in the textbook Homeland Security by Larry K. Gaines and Victor E. Kappeler, discussed in lengthy detail the way terrorist cells go about financing, as well as their financial needs. However, one of the most common questions asked today; once the terrorist organizations obtain the needed funds to plot an attack how do they go about moving the money without being detected? The answer given in chapter 11 in the textbook is through money laundering (Gaines & Kappeler, 2012, p. 315). Pursuing this further, terrorist cells go about laundering their money through a verity of methods. To better elaborate, one well known way to launder money is through priceless

All of those necessities are available to the terrorist because they use The Bureau de Change to get the money. “Terrorism financing has found a safe haven in the Bureau”(Mbanga 1). These days the money exchange is even easier to do because the competition is very strong between the Bureaus so they aren’t taking their time looking at their clients and caution is being thrown out the window. A few more money sources are charities, donations, and ransom money. Donations and charities would be harder to eliminate, however, ransom money is in total control of all of the nations.

Terrorist funding is a vital fragment of what allows the smooth transition of missions and acts of violence to take place. The money acquired goes into planning and executing assignments and operations. Funds are needed in order to provide radicals with adequate training, food and lodge, firepower and weapons, passports with different identities as well as communication support. The members of terrorist groups have to rely on funding in order to fulfill sustainment capabilities as well being able to function on a day to day basis. Many of them have families to support and the use of terrorist funding often goes back to the member’s families as contribution of their services and volunteerism to their cause whether political or religious.

The conspiracy to kill Amber along with the killing of triple murder of customs officer and his family was now bare face, but the real predator was still a mystery as the total sum for the windup of the employment was conducted in a very notorious way through hawala transactions

The five wars of globalization are typically defined as drugs, arms trafficking, intellectual property theft, alien or human smuggling and money laundering. Many of these types of crimes can and are used to assist each other, as human traffickers often use the people smuggled as mules for drugs and weapons. To keep below to radar of the world’s governments, all criminals engaged in any of these crimes characteristically engage in money laundering to halt tracking

Unfortunately, technology today is helping criminals commit money laundering off of their profits made from drug crimes and prostitution in cyberspace and the ease of transportation and smuggling operations. Drug trafficking is associated with organized crime and violence linked to human trafficking and money laundering schemes that can also support criminal activities in several countries including terrorist activities. The increase of technology is allowing people to shop online and is used for the purpose of exploiting pornographic images and the ease of purchasing and transporting illicit drugs and prostitutes from anywhere in the world. Transactions online cause difficulty in tracing criminal operation because they can be located in the

Rewrite)A second form from the seven forms of transnational criminality would be money laundering, which is dirty money that is illegally obtained money that cannot be spent freely. While there is evidence that terrorist weapons have been obtained by direct exchange for drugs, or for “dirty” money, most expenditures by terrorists are for goods or services obtained on the free market, which demands clean cash. Hence, much of the dirty money must be laundered in a vast criminal enterprise called money laundering. Since at least the 1970s, there has been a sustained and increasingly global interest in stopping money laundering. Terrorists financing requirements reflect this diversity, varying greatly between organizations. Financing is required

There are seven forms of transnational criminality, Illicit drug trafficking, Money laundering, Infiltration of legal business, Computer crime, Illicit arms trafficking, Traffic in persons, and Destruction of cultural property (Adler, “et.al”, 2013) . Illicit drug trafficking is an extremely lucrative endeavor creating billions of dollars in benefit that terrorist organizations can without much of a stretch take advantage of. The links between international terrorist organizations and drug trafficking differs incredibly from organization to organization (Clarke, 2016). Terrorists entail cash for their operations. The drug trade gives simple access to vast assets. The Taliban have supported their terrorist undertakings activities from the boundless

In 2008 the central bank licensed certain sellers to set prices in foreign currencies. It was favorable for the sellers because they bought products abroad in foreign currency. This practice was used not only by the sellers with the permission but it was widely adopted.

Terrorists gain money through illegal activities such as front companies, drug trades, and kidnappings. Terrorist leaders such as Osama Bin Laden have been known to own chain stores throughout the Middle East, using them not only for money laundering but as a safe route to move and store weapons (Kaplan). In addition to this, these organizations tend to share in illegal oil profits and loot banks and market goods. Not only are these methods illegal, they are unethical, too. Kidnapping has been found to produce high profits for many of these groups. Holding hostages for ransom forces desperate family members into giving away huge sums of money in order to keep their loved ones alive. While the ways in which groups like these attain their money is disturbing, families are desperate to feed their children and themselves. On the other hand, many people are unaware of these illegal methods and know only of the charities that support the terrorist organizations. Charity is a big aspect of Islam, and there are thousands of charities through the Middle East. While as few as a hundred charities may sponsor terrorism, these are some of the wealthiest charities (Kaplan). The high amount of money flowing into these organizations leaves little for the rest of the population who have almost no way of attaining income at

There are more than 200 countries involved in the trade, and more than 500 trafficking travel routes. 40 percent of countries have admitted to only few or no convictions within this line of “business”. Yet according to the head of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Yury Fedotov, no one is safe:

Terrorist need money just like everyone else. Unlike normal people who receive money from jobs terrorist have to find other sources of income to support their needs. There are five major ways terrorist receive their funding. The first way is by being self –supporting. Many terrorist do not engage in financial activities that immediately draw attention. Hawalas is another way terrorist receive funds. That is an informal system of transferring money that is based primarily on trust and interpersonal relations. Terrorist also receive contributions from group members, a major source of money for terrorism. A known example of this would be al-Qaeda & Bin Laden. Many terrorist also receive funding from diamonds, oil, and natural resources. These