The Hawthrone Studiesdouglas | Mcgregor's Theory X and Theory Y | Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

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“Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in Psychological Review. People are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need is fulfilled a person seeks to fulfill the next one, and so on.” (Maslow,1943).

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs teaches us that the human condition requires that certain needs be met such as our physical needs, our safety needs, our belongingness and love needs, our esteem needs, and our self-actualization needs. According to Maslow, it is when these needs are met that we become whole people. Ethan Frome is a book that centers on the needs of a man and his family. The author, Edith Wharton, shows a range of characters that are at times at various levels of the needs that Maslow explains in his hierarchy. What we humans need to fulfill our own self-actualization is often times shown in Wharton’s work. It is the building of one such character that mirrors the belongingness and love needs that is of particular interest because of her evolvement throughout the book. The character of Frome’s wife, Zeena, suffers from hypochondria who seems to be in search of something just out of her reach. The character is filled with illnesses that seem to trouble her on a daily basis with each one seemingly more significant than the other that leads the reader to understand just how manipulative she is. It is as if the character needs attention in order to participate in life. Edith Wharton creates a character in Zeena that fakes her illness because it parallels the relationship

What were the Hawthorne Studies and how can the result is applied to the work place. pg 259-260; slide 10-5

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Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist and at the forefront of the humanist movement in psychology, proposed a theory concerning basic human motivations that are based upon a hierarchy of needs. (Boeree 1998, 2006) Often described or pictured as a pyramid, basic physiological drives like thirst, hunger and sleep, as well as the need for safety, shelter and some feeling of security are the motivational needs that occupy the bottom tiers of the pyramid.. They provide the foundation for higher levels of needs to become present and available that the individual is aroused or driven to attain. Once those physiological and safety needs are met then the individual looks to love and be loved, to belong

Hawthorne effect basically means those that are being observed for research will change the way they act (Zeisel 2006). Researchers involved in various projects need to understand that individuals will change the way they act if they know they are being observed. This can affect the data one receives so it is important to consider in data analysis. It is particularly important to understand such effect on the people that are being observed and mitigate the impact by being inconspicuous as possible and blending with the crowd when

* What were the Hawthorne Studies and how can the result is applied to the work place.

(2) The name of this experiment is: a field experiment on labor market discrimination, which is pretty self-explanatory.

Another flash surrounded the car and Penelope’s hands started shaking, everything came back to her. William hopped back in the car and stared at her, “Penelope?”still shaking she flung herself against him “They wiped my memories, I told them I wouldn’t marry Cori. They threatened my family, I tried to leave and they wiped my memory. I think this is their final threat, if I leave I loose everything. None of you stay, they won’t give me new memories, they will erase months and I wake up in the middle of the woods.” He rubbed her back and neck softly “It’s okay. It’s okay.” Suddenly, Cleo’s voice broke into her mind in a gloating manner Still want to leave? Penelope looked up at Liam “When they wipe me, make sure I get home. Don’t leave me.” She

Two researchers, Elton Mayo and Flitz Rothlisberger, carried out an experiment in 1920s. In 1927, researchers were trying to determine the optimal amount of lighting, temperature, and humidity for assembling electronic components at Western Electric's Hawthorne plant. The results showed that lighting had no consistent effect on production. Researchers were frustrated to discover that

Since the beginning of psychology in the year 1879, researchers have approached the field and have studied the human mind in a numerous amount of ways. One psychologist in particular that is said to have enhanced the quality of psychological research is Abraham Maslow. Abraham Maslow is best known for his work in creating the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Humanistic Psychology. There are many things that came out of Maslow’s findings, how he contributed to psychology, how he influenced the field of psychology, and how his findings are still used in today’s society.

George Elton Mayo is credited with founding the human relations movement. Mayo conducted an experiment in the 1920’s and 1930’s know as the Hawthorne study. Two of the main aspects of the study centered around illumination in the work place and varying levels of break time and work hours (Wickström, 2000). The illumination study consisted of four different experiments over the course of three years. In each experiement, there was a control group and a study group. In the varying studies, the researchers experimented with varying levels of light and varying sequences of increasing and decreasing the level of light (“Hawthorne effect”). Throughout the experiments, researchers would often find patterns of increased productivity, leading them to believe that they had

Abraham Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs is an arrangement of the innate needs that motivate behavior, from the strongest needs at the bottom to the weakest needs at the top. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has five levels. The bottom level is Psychological in which you worry about getting enough food, sex, sleep,homeostasis, breathing, water, and excretion. The second bottom level is Safety in which you mostly need safety of house, employment, body, morality, family, health, resources, and property. The middle level is love/belonging in which you need friendship, family, and sexual intimacy. The second top level is esteem in which you need self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, and respect by others. The top most level is self actualization in which you need morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, and acceptance of facts. Self-actualization is the fullest realization of a person’s potential. As you move up in the hierarchy, the needs become more human and less basic.