The Health And Economic Consequences Of Diabetes

According to Zimmet (2001), about 150 million people in the world have been suffering with diabetes and it would be 300 million by 2025. Another interesting study by AusDiab in 2000 revelead that 7.4% of the population aged 25 or over had diabetes (type 2 in 90%) Since 1981, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased to twice in and the total number of cases has increased threefold in Australia (Dunstain 2002).Although type 2 diabetes is effecting all races,it was identified highly in south Asians and also worlds one-third diabetic population is from indian continent ( Jean 2008). According to the report from Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in United states of America, nearly 25.8 million people have been affected by diabetes in 2010 with 90- 95% of them being type 2 DM (CDC 2011). However, type 2 diabetes mellitus which is characterized by the deficiency and resistance of the

Currently Healthy People has identified diabetes as one of the 7th leading causes of death in the United States. Diabetes is defined as chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas is not working correctly. There are several kinds of diabetes but the most common are: diabetes type one which is when the body does not produce insulin, diabetes type two is when the body does not use insulin and creates resistance to insulin, it is the most common among diabetics, and other diabetes types are usually gestational, which can be the short term. Not only does diabetes lead to death, it shortens the life expectancy, it also increases the risks for heart disease and it leads to kidney failure which leads to other organ failure. In addition to being

Diabetes is a problem that is expanding across the nation due to various factors that may be avoided such as bad eating habits, lack of exercise and education. These components can all be reversed, which will result to a diabetic free life. According to Diabetes Research Institute, “the most common form of diabetes is called type 2, or non-insulin dependent diabetes”. People with type 2 are able to produce some of their own insulin, yet often, it’s not enough (Diabetes Research Institute, 2016). Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States and effects over 23.6 million people (Healthy People, 2014).

Diabetes is an illness that’s been raising for many years and yet there hasn’t been a cure found for it. Diabetes is diagnosed when you have too much glucose also known as sugar in your blood, where the pancreas isn’t able to make enough insulin to pass the sugar in use for energy to the different cells in your body. Glucose in the bloodstreams comes from the carbohydrate foods which are changed into sugar after we have eaten them or the glucose that’s been stored in the liver that ensures constant supply when we have not eaten recently. For a person without diabetes have a glucose level of 4 to 8 mmol/L in their body. There are three types of diabetes, type one which happens within a week or even days, unlike type two which takes as long as 10 years to be diagnosed, and gestational diabetes which happens during pregnancy. Diabetes can also lead to other health conditions, including kidney failure, eye disease, foot ulceration and a higher risk of heart disease.

The cause is not known, but it is thought to be the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Many countries are documenting higher numbers of newly diagnosed cases of type 1 diabetes, particularly in younger children. Interestingly, some disease patterns among children resemble infectious disease epidemics. Currently, there is no known way to prevent type 1 diabetes. Only 5% of people with diabetes have this form of the disease. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. With the help of insulin therapy and other treatments, young children can learn to manage their condition and live long, healthy lives.

The incidence rate of diabetes in the U.S is 6.6 per 1,000 population (CDC, 2015). Over the years this health issue has decrease from an incidence rate of 8.5 in 2008 to 6.6 per 1,000 in 2014 (CDC, 2015). However, there is still a long way to go. Diabetes causes more deaths than breast cancer and AIDS combined, thus, making it the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (CDC, 2015). Diabetes is a public health concern and it impacts everyone whether directly or indirectly due to how common it has become. The cost of diabetes contributes to a sum of $245 billion each year (CDC, 2015), which causes a serious burden on the health expenditure and the economy. The objective of Healthy People 2020 in regards to diabetes is to reduce its economic burden and improve the quality of life of individuals that at risk of diabetes (Healthy People,

Diabetes is known as a disease without a public face. While most people know someone who has diabetes, they know little about the disease and its impact on our country’s health and economy. Defined as a group of metabolic diseases, diabetes is characterized by high levels of blood glucose that lead to long term damage and failure of different organs, including the eyes, kidneys, heart, nerves, and blood vessels1. Diabetes has become much more common in society today and seems to be growing each year. With increasing rates and no sign of a cure, the prevalence of diabetes has become a growing concern, especially in the United States.

The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes is skyrocketing alarmingly to epidemic proportions. According to King, Aubert and Herman (1998), in the year 2000 there were 150 million people with type 2 diabetes worldwide, and this number is expected to double by 2025. This explosive increase in type 2 diabetes prevalence is also associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. (Dankner, Abdul-Ghani, Gerber, Chetit, Wainstein and Raz, 2007). This global increase in diabetes will occur because of population ageing and growth, and because of increasing trends towards obesity, unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles. Worldwide, according to the WHO Diabetes Action Now

Type 2 diabetes is an enormous and rising chronic disease seen in the United States (U.S.) and throughout many parts of the world. “Nearly 26 million Americans have the disease” (Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow & Ratner, 2012, p. 1380). This includes over 10% of the total adult population and greater than 25% of the population 65 years and older (Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow & Ratner, 2012). High prevalence rates of prediabetes have been recorded as well. According to Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow & Ratner (2012), there is an additional 79 million adult Americans who have prediabetes. There are several reasons type 2 diabetes has a higher prevalence rate at this time and these risks include; age, ethnicity, obesity, family history, smoking and a sedentary

Type 1 diabetes (T1D), also known as insulin-dependent diabetes, is a metabolic disorder in which the pancreas either does not produce enough or stops the production of a hormone called insulin. Insulin is vital in helping to transport glucose from the bloodstream into body cells, where it is used for energy. Without enough insulin, the body is unable to function properly and produce enough energy that is required to carry out daily activities. Type 1 diabetes is treated with the use of insulin injections, and momentarily there is no cure. People with T1D have to take insulin for the rest of their lives (“Type 1 Diabetes”, 2015). Type 1 diabetes usually affects children and young adults, but the disorder can appear at any age. Approximately 1 in 800 or 0.12% or 340,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with T1D. About 30,000 people are diagnosed with T1D annually (“Type 1 Diabetes”, 2015). Type 1 Diabetes occurs equally in males and females, but it is more prevalent in whites than nonwhites (“Type 1 Diabetes”, 2015). Diabetes is usually easy to control with proper medical attention; however, people with diabetes may be at risk for long-term complications.

Diabetes mellitus, often simply called diabetes, is one of the most common diseases in the world with approximately 7.8% of the American population or 24 million Americans suffering from the disease (Cuppett). Of this proportion, about 5.7 million people do not actually know they have the condition (Cuppett). This disease is characterized by the body’s inability to effectively produce or utilize insulin (Cuppett). There are three types of diabetes in which a person can be diagnosed with, type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), type 2 or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is associated with the inability of the body to produce insulin and accounts for only approximately

There are many costs to the U.S. as more people are developing Diabetes at an increasing rate. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) researched and studied the costs to the healthcare systems and found that the costs were $174 billion in 2007 and rose to $245 billion in 2012. The cost of diabetes in the six years has risen to an outstanding 41%. The costs of Diabetes was broke down into two categories: medical costs and lost productivity. In the 2012 cost of $245 billion, $176 billion went to medical costs and $69 billion went to lost productivity (NCBI, 2013).

Health Issue: Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) has been positioned among the main sources of death for a considerable length of time. Current reports express the overwhelming rate of subjects living with diabetes in the United States, starting in 2012, was around 29.1 million (CDC, 2014). In addition, the incidence rate shows an estimated 1.5 million new instances of diagnosed diabetes are recorded in the U.S. each year (CDC, 2012). The incidence rate of diabetes in Texas among adults aged 18-76 years, accounted for close to 132,000 new instances that same year (CDC, Texas -total number (in thousands) of new cases of diagnosed Diabetes 1996-2010). Furthermore, in Texas, the prevalence rate of diabetes was around 1.7 million starting in 2010

“In 2012, 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3% of the population, had diabetes; approximately 1.25 million American children and adults have type one diabetes (Statistics About Diabetes ).” Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person’s body either doesn’t produce an adequate amount of insulin, their body doesn’t understand how to respond properly to insulin, or both. In a diabetic’s body, the lack of insulin allows sugar to remain in the bloodstream which then denies cells the right amount of sugar needed for fuel. There are three common forms of diabetes: type one, type two, or gestational. “Type one diabetes may account for five to ten percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes; type two diabetes may account for ninety to ninety-five of all diagnosed cases of diabetes; gestational occurs in two to five percent of all pregnancies but usually disappears when the pregnancy is over (William Hessel Library Database Remot...).”

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Diabetes is projected to be the 7th leading cause of death by 2030. 350 million people are affected by diabetes worldwide. (WHO, 2014) In 2012, an estimated 30 million are American and of them –210,000 are children and young adolescents under 20. (ADA, 2012) Diabetes mellitus, or commonly referred to as diabetes, is a chronic and non-infectious disease where there is an increase in blood glucose, sugar that our bodies use for energy. An organ close to the stomach, called the pancreas, produces insulin that regulates glucose and allows it to function properly. When an individual is affected with diabetes there is either a deficiency in