The Heart Adaptation Paper

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

Cardiac output adapts throughout a training program. The "American Council on Exercise's Personal Trainer Manual" lists exercise adaptations as increased ventricle size, decreased exercise heart rate and increased stroke volume. Therefore, your heart can maintain a high cardiac output with less effort. Most improvement to cardiac output is contributed to increased stroke volume. Positive adaptations occur in as little as three months of aerobic training.

Exercise increases heart rate by a process of sympathetic autonomic stimulation. Sympathetic (adrenergic) nerves increase the excitability of the sino-atrial node and reduce the P-R interval .As exercise continues, the physiological changes in the body are continuously monitored by a number of physiological systems and the balance of activity of the sympathetic system (speeding up) and the parasympathetic system (slowing down) is constantly adjusted. When exercise is over, the heart rate does not drop immediately as the body has to undergo a period of re adaption to return to the resting state.

B. Part B. PowerPhys Experiment 4 – Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output (13 points total)

R E V I E W S H E E T 30 Anatomy of the Heart

I observed Dr. André La Gerche, a well-respected sports cardiologist, speak on April 12th for the Mortiz Speaker Series. The series is coordinated by the Nursing College at UTA in order to promote and inform the community on health and wellness. I chose the presentation as it suited my schedule and I’m generally interested in research techniques. Dr. La Gerche described his research on the possible negative health effects for dedicated athletes on their hearts, incorporating an innovative MRI scan while exercise takes place.

The diagnostic value of ausculating the heart mainly depends on the sounds that one hears from the heart and hence may be different. According to Roxette in 1988, the diagnostic value was determined by one though listening to his or her own heart. The type of information one can get when listening to the heart includes what his or her heart sounds like, how often each sound occurs and how loud is the sound of the

There are a lot of different things you can do with duct tape and making a heart shape coin bag is one. For starters, I cut out eight four inch pieces of tape, and stuck 4 pieces together to make a square shape and did the other four pieces to make another square. Then, I drew the shape of a heart on both of the squares and them out. I put the two hearts on top of one another and then cut out four one inch pieces of tape. I stuck two pieces of the one inch pieces of tape together and did the same for the other two. I put the two hearts together and the one inch pieces of tape between the two hearts and put two pieces of tape on top to keep each side together. When I finished I thought to myself “that wasn’t so hard”. Because my heart shaped

An athletes heart has some slight adaptations that make it more efficient. In response to endurance training, both the right and left ventricles expanded. For strength athletes, the muscle of the heart thickened, but only for the left ventricle. These adaptations cause the heart to pump blood more effectively as the myocardial contractions are more forceful, and the filling and ejection of blood from the heart chambers is

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.

What habits can affect heart health? Millions of people currently suffer from various types of heart conditions, but only a few have changed their lifestyle to mend them. So far, exercise and diet are common methods of maintaining heart health, but it isn’t the only solutions. To better understand the risks of heart conditions and discover specific ways to live a long and healthy life, I have researched numerous ways to increase the life expectancy of the human body, specifically the heart. To further understand the types and amounts of habits that can affect heart health I referenced ten scholarly articles and a book relating to heart health, function, and condition.

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

The literature on the effects of exercise of cardiac output maintains the idea that exercise should affect cardiac output- pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, QRS-pulse lag, P-T and T-P intervals, because of increased heart rate. For our experiment, we tested this theory by measuring our cardiac output before and after some rigorous exercise. We measured the individual cardiac output and then combined the data to compose a class-wide data average. We compared the results of the experiment to what we expected, which was that exercise does affect our heart. Our data from this experiment supported the notion that exercise does, in fact, change cardiac output.

I predict that during exercise the heart and respiratory rate (RR) will increase depending on the intensity of exercise and the resting rates will be restored soon after exercise has stopped. I believe that the changes are caused by the increased need for oxygen and energy in muscles as they have to contract faster during exercise. When the exercise is finished the heart and ventilation rates will gradually decrease back to the resting rates as the muscles’ need for oxygen and energy will be smaller than during exercise.

The heart rate is a measurement of how many times the heart beats in a minute. Physically fit people tend to have a lower heart rate and during intense exercise tend to have lower rates as well. A decrease of heart rate at both rest and at fixed intensity of sub-maximal exercise [7] occurs a few months after an exercise program is begun. One’s heart rate reflects the amount of work the heart must do to meet an increase of demands of the body when engaged in activity. Heart Rate tends to increase proportionally with intensity oxygen uptake [16].