The Hippocampus And Its Effects On Human Memory

Memory is not located in just one spot of the brain, but it is a brain wide process, in which

Memory is the retention of information over time and it changes through our lifespan, from infancy through adulthood (Santrock 218). There are two types of memory, explicit and implicit.

The part of the brain that is in charge of memory is called the hippocampus, which is part of the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is in charge of thinking, problem solving, and many different kinds of language skills. People that have a problem with their hippocampus can have trouble remembering new details they have taken in. There are also many different parts of the hippocampus that apply directly to the memory. These parts include short-term memory, long-term memory, sensory memory, and the constructive processes. Short-term memory is the information that stays in your brain only when you are thinking about it, about 20 to 30 seconds. After this, it is most likely forgotten. Long-term memory is when your hippocampus keeps track of facts you learn, ideas you have, and experiences. Even when people stop thinking about these things, the memory can last a lifetime. Another part of the hippocampus, sensory memory, remembers information only for one or two seconds. The brain creates a mental image that disappears when you stop directly thinking about a particular thing. The last part of the hippocampus is the constructive processes. Constructive processes are memories that your brain makes up in order to make sense of a detail in which you only remember some of the details. The few details that the brain remembers are combined with other small details that your brain adds in order for it to

Some researchers hypothesize that the hippocampus is involved in some types of memory processes but not others. This particular study measured brain activity using fMRI during two types of memory tasks: remember (episodic memory) and know (familiarity). A memory was considered “episodic” if the person could recall the moment it was learned and “familiar” if they felt they recognized the word but could not retrieve the specidic moment it was learned. The a priori (pre-selected) region of interest( ROI) in the hippocampus

Memory is defined as “the mental capacity to encode, store, and retrieve information” (American Psychological Association, 2002). It is a part of the means by which humans function. The process of forming and recalling memories involves various complex neurological processes and disruptions to these processes can result in loss of memory or the inability to form new memories. Amnesia is a memory disorder, in which, due to trauma or a head injury, certain parts of the memory is inaccessible. The two main types of amnesia are anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia. Anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to create new memories (Mastin, 2010). “Retrograde

The hippocampus, which is the Latin word for seahorse, is named because of the shape it holds (Hippocampus). It is the neural center in the limbic system (Myers, 368). This system is located in the temporal lobe, close to the center of the brain. The hippocampus is essentially involved with the storage of long-term memory, especially of past knowledge and experiences (Hippocampus). The hippocampus is also vitally important to the creation of new memories, and without it humans would always be living in the past.

We memorize items through what is known as the Information Processing Model, one of the many models scientists use to interpret our memory. The Processing Model operates like a computer where we receive an input for the result of an output. Our sensory memory is what commences the Information Processing Model. Sensory memory “is the temporary register of all the information your senses are taking in”, and each of the five senses endures for a certain amount of time (Khan Academy). We have a total five senses, although the most studied amongst them are our haptic memory (touch), our iconic memory (visual), and echoic memory (audio). When the information lasts long enough, the sensory information then gets delivered to our working memory or otherwise known as our short term memory. “Working memory is just whatever you are thinking about right at this”. Our working memory can hold round and about 7 pieces of information at a time although people with physiological ailments such as dementia greatly suffer in this area making it hard for them to simply be attentive, recall instructions, etc. We use our working memory in classrooms, working environment, etc. For example, when I read and try to comprehend a passage during my reading or literature exam to answer the questions, I would simply be utilizing my working memory. Our working memory processes information according to the type of input that was initially received. Our working

What is the hippocampus? The hippocampus is the formation of memories and a part of the cerebrum.Some people say if you damage the hippocampus you develop a disease called Antevograde amnesia which is the unibaily to form new memories.It also said there are regions that regulates the emotions.

The brain and the distinct parts have countless duties but one of the utmost vital ones is assembly and retain new memory. In the Brain… it says, “Structures within the temporal lobe, a region of the brain near your ears, are responsible for different types of learning.” Page 5. The temporal lobe aids learning and saves the information that can be used later. Learning is key to help humans and animals to survive and thrive. Learning allows living beings to be able to do old tasks and new tasks. “… The hippocampus gathers all of the sensory aspects of the event and conducts soon initial processing of these sensory elements into a neurological format that elements that are not completely understood.” Said in the Brian, page 6. The hippocampus keeps a

When speaking about memory, one needs to look at the parts of the brain that are

Memory is a property of the human mind. It describes the ability to retain information. There are different types of classifications for memory based on duration, nature and retrieval of items.

The hippocampus is the region of the brain which correlated to memories in specific, long term memory. This region forms part of the limbo system which is associated with any type of emotional responses. Therefore the act of making memories and anything related to the memory is in correlations and affected by emotions. In 1957 the memory hypothesis was supported by the removal of a hippocampus which resulted in the loss to make any new memories specifically declarative memories. The declarative memory is the memory of facts and events and can refer back to the stores information that can be consciously recalled.

Memory is defined as "the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information." Our memory can be compared to a computer's information processing system. To remember an event we need to get information into our brain which is encoding, store the information and then be able to retrieve it. The three-stage processing model of Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin suggests that we record information that we want to remember first as a fleeting sensory memory and then it is processed into a short term memory bin where we encode it ( pay attention to encode important or novel stimuli) for long-term memory and later retrieval. The premise for the three step process is that we are unable to focus on too much

The brain is dividing into several sections, including the cerebellum, the frontal lobe, and the temporal lobe, among others. The temporal lobe exists in two parts, one on each side of the brain close to the ears. It is largely responsible for the memory system (2). On the medial surface of the temporal lobe there are three important structure that are essential for human functioning. These structures are named, in order from rostral to caudal, the olfactory cortex, the amygdala, and the hippocampus. Together these three structures are referred to as the "limbic system" (1). Their functions became understood after studying how the brain functions upon loss of each structure. For example, in 1953, a patient suffering from epilepsy underwent surgery which removed most of his medial temporal lobe (1). After the surgery, the patient was able to remember who he was and was able to carry out coherent, intelligent conversations. However, if the person with whom he was talking left the room, he would have no

The hippocampus is part of the Limbic System (Wright, n.d.). According to Wright, the hippocampus formation is found in the temporal lobe of the brain. The study of the hippocampus is vital in understanding how it governs human behaviors. As perceived, the brain is a complex machine and through understanding its crucial parts in the processing of information would give a clear understanding and precautions to people on how to protect their brain from memory loss and other similar diseases. In addition, Wright explained that the hippocampus is directly linked to the entorhinal cortex and the fornix. That is to say that the output pathways of hippocampus passed directly to the entorhinal cortex and the fornix before reaching other anterior structures. What is more, not only do outputs coming from hippocampus are passed through the entorhinal cortex, but both parts are also directly connected to one another which includes the amyglada (Wright, n.d). Why is this part of the study? As elaborated by Wright, both entorhinal cortex and amyglada are structures that are connected to several parts of the brain. Thereby, all areas of the brain that are connected to aforesaid structures could be affected by hippocampus.