In the year 2002, Mohammed Yusuf founded Boko Haram. With the goal of establishing an Islamic state, Yusuf recruited surrounding youth, and less than well to do Muslim families from the surrounding areas. For seven years, Yusuf governed the sect in a relatively peaceful manner, preaching detestation for Westerners and their involvement in government, but never erupting into violence. In 2009, in response to what members of Boko Haram believed to be the use of excessive force by police officers, the group launched a widespread attack on police stations, killing many and injuring many more. Since then the group has evolved initially moving to carrying out assassinations of police officers then attacking prisons releasing inmates then bombing …show more content…
Among these groups are Al-Qaeda and ISIS. Both of which are primarily backed by Middle Eastern oil money. Despite these reports, the United Nations and governments of nations fighting to quell the Boko Haram uprising have been unable to determine exactly from whom, in what amount, and how frequently the group receives these donations as a result of an Islamic money transfer method called hawala . Hawala is an anonymous, efficient method of money transfer used in both the legal and black markets that is recognized by many Islamic nations as a legitimate method of transferring money . These characteristics make it ideal for transfer of finances to support terrorist organizations such as Boko Haram. In 2001, the Financial Action Task Force released special recommendations to prevent illegal activity over hawala. These included requiring the registration of people and legal entities providing funding and a recommendation for governments to impose sanctions on those who are not registered . These recommendations however have not been enforced in the places where financing is most likely coming from. Simply put, these recommendations are not enough to prevent the funding of Boko Haram. In order to resolve this issue, the United Nations should place financial sanctions and trade restrictions on the countries that do recognize hawala as a legitimate practice and force them into banning the transfer method. This would allow governments to conduct proper investigations in the specifics of less than upstanding dealings that occur on this platform. This however, may become problematic for some nations whose governments value free trade and as previously stated, many legitimate transactions do occur over hawala. Those nations need to recognize however, that not only Boko Haram, but other violent Islamic organizations are being funded in this
Abu Bakar Ba’asyir has been a primary driving force behind extremist-Muslim ideology in Indonesia for decades. He has been a leader and a source of spiritual inspiration to some of the most violent terrorists of our times and his legacy will continue to be a driver of terrorist groups and radical organizations for years to come.
The main payment systems to transfer funds to finance the global Islamic terrorism are through the traditional banking channel: wire-transfers and the hawala. Heads of terror groups operate in a different fashion, using higher value and higher risk methods of financing like drug trafficking in Afghanistan and diamond smuggling in Africa.
The Al-Shabaab is regarded as one of the most dangerous African terrorist organizations. Al-Shabaab is a multiethnic militant group out of Somalia that uses many terrorist tactics in attempts to gain control over the country of Somalia. They use many forms of terrorism that include ideological revolutionary, dissident, and nationalist terrorism, as they have the motive to gain power over a territory by overthrowing the government. The Al-Shabaab is suspected to have taken part in many terrorist attacks, including the 1998 United States embassies bombings. The motive behind their violence is their goal of creating an Islamic state in Somalia, which they believe is morally justified by the ideological beliefs. An important psychological
In Kathy Gilsinan’s With World Focused on Boko Haram, al-Shabaab Steps Up Offensive (http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/trend-lines/13841/with-world-focused-on-boko-haram-al-shabaab-steps-up-offensive), the topic of al-Shabaab’s legitimacy and terror is discussed. As Boko Haram (another terrorist organization in Africa) has begin inflicting fear through the abduction of schoolgirls and other acts of terror, al-Shabaab has began to take up arms. Its acts of violence are beginning to spread outside the borders of Somalia.
There are many characters in Terry Pratchett's Wyrd Sisters who can be considered the hero of the story such as Tomjon or one of the witches. However, the Fool is hands down the character who best exemplifies the hero archetype and the traits pertinent to heroes. At first glance, it may seem like no character is specifically chosen to be the hero to bring peace back to Lancre. Upon closer inspection readers can find this quote "’You'd have to be a born fool to be a king,' said Granny." (66) which directly foreshadows the fool being the one intended to become king from the very start of the book.
This article was about the Nigerian school girls that were kidnapped by Boko Haram about two years ago. The author wrote about how the search for the girls isn’t over as well as how the girls rescues are being planned, but the military and government officials from America are afraid that if they attempt to rescue one group of the girls the other will suffer because of it. African officials are afraid that Boko Haram is making the school girls become suicide bombers or giving them the option to become suicide bombers to escape the lives they are facing. They believe that the girls are choosing to be suicide bombers to escape the lives of being trapped, used for childbearing and abused that they have been forced into.
For the past seven years innocence have been injured, killed, or brutally tortured by the Islamist militant group Boko Haram. They have lost their homes and precious possessions due to a cruel, selfish satisfaction of this organization. Boko Haram members believe that these “brutal penalties” is just an ordinary way to express their culture. Although Nigeria came to a conclusion that these terrorists had given up, it only took five months later to realize it was not the end. Nigeria’s strategies had gotten them nowhere and only led them back to where they started.
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Western women take a lot for granted. In many parts of the world, even in the 21st century, women are not allowed to dress freely, speak freely, drive, vote, own a business, even go to school. Those that violate the tenets of the society in which they live can be killed for their lack of obedience. Still, like Rosa Parks on that bus in Montgomery, Alabama, there are women who are willing to stand up for the rights they do not yet have but know they deserve.
KADUNA, Nigeria (AFP )— More than 30 people were killed when a bomb cut through a crowded group of people in Yola, Northeast of Nigeria on Tuesday, the Red Cross and the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) told AFP.
We define terrorism as using force to influence or change a political decision. Given that there may be an array of situations the U.S. government and the American people are faced with on a daily basis, most would probably agree in saying that terrorism is the most imperative issue we are not only becoming victims to, but are interminably asked to deal with as well as finding a solution for.
The casualties and suffering that have been caused by the Islamist militant group Boko Haram over the past five years are mind-boggling. According to estimates, 12,000 people have been killed, 8,000 thousand more have been injured or maimed, and thousands of innocent people have been displaced by the conflict. Even more worryingly, around half of those deaths have come in just the past year. Boko Haram rebels aim to make northern Nigeria an Islamic state. Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa states are the most affected by the Boko Haram insurgency. The entire resident population of these states of sixteen million people are all affected by the Boko Haram. Half have been killed in Boko Haram attacks on government institutions, churches, and secular schools. An equal number, many with no ties to terrorists, have died in government counterattacks.
Nigeria is a West African country with a population of about 170 million people. It is a country divided with religion and ethnicity. The country is made up of both Muslims and Christians, with an area called the middle belt bordering the Muslim north and Christian south (Ehwarieme). For many decades, Nigeria has witnessed various forms of violent conflicts. In recent times the activities of Boko Haram in Northern Nigeria has become the major source of crisis and fear in the country. About 13,000 people are estimated to have been killed in Boko Haram-related violence, making it one of the deadliest terrorist groups in the world. (“Boko Haram”). The United Nations and Nigerian officials estimate that more than six million Nigerians have been affected by the conflict between Boko Haram and the Nigerian government, and more than 300,000 have been displaced. As it spreads across north and central Nigeria, attacks are
Kenya has been the battlefield of tragic terrorist attacks on western interests twice since 1998 – once in 1998 when the US embassy was attacked and a second time in 2002 when a Israeli-owned Paradise hotel was bombed. In 1980, Jewish-owned Norfolk hotel was attacked by the PLO. Every single attack shared a common thread of irony: the majority of the lives lost were Kenyan, even though the ideology behind the attacks suggests that Kenyan and Kenyans were not involved in the political dynamic that precipitated the attacks.
Among the methods terrorists worldwide use to move money from regions that finance them to target countries some hardly leave any traceable trail. As regulators learned recently, one of the weak points in the payments chain through which illicit funds can enter is a system of traditional trust-based banking originating in southern Asia which is known as hawala.