The History Of The Ishango Bone

Author Study: Jane Yolen The books The Devil’s Arithmetic and Mapping the Bones by Jane Yolen, are very similar to each other. In The Devil’s Arithmetic Hannah is a Jewish girl from New York who does not understand why it is important that she acknowledges her Jewish heritage, that is until she is warped back to World War Two. Now a young girl named Chaya in Poland, Hannah is taken, along with the family she had just been introduced to, to a labor camp.

The culture of the Ho-Chunk Nation is quite fascinating to read. The Ho-Chunk tribe was established in Wisconsin as the time of French contact in the 1630s. The name Ho-Chunk can also mean “people of the parent voice” or “people of the Big Voice”. The Ho-Chunk relied more on agricultural products for subsistence. In order to achieve this subsistence the Ho-Chunk planted large gardens and stored dried corn and beans in fiber bags and in pits dug in the ground for winter use. All the Ho-Chunk lived in a single village in the Lake Winnebago area. In this village each family would live in a substantial rectangle house. Within these villages and tribes leadership was dual. There was civil or peace chief who resolved problems by peaceful means. This chief also took advice to the elders and people of the

The study of Native American history makes the discovery of ancient Native American art almost a given. The oldest known engraving art found in North America dates back to approximately 11,000 BC. The carving depicted a mammoth or mastodon and was engraved into a bone of an animal. Using forensic analysis and other technologies, the bone was identified as having once belonged to a mammoth, mastodon or giant sloth, which are creatures that roamed North America during the last Ice Age. The Smithsonian Institution and the University of Florida announced that the engraving was at least 13,000 years old and may be the earliest known example of art in the Americas, as well as the only Ice Age art of a proboscidean, or an animal with a trunk. A cast of the engraved fossil bone has been placed on display at the Florida Museum of Natural

If you were a forensic anthropologist and were studying human remains, what information would you look for in the bones? Why would this information be helpful?

The book “Written in Bone” was associated with science. I believe this was shown through Archeology, Forensic Anthropology, and the scientists that made the expedition possible. The scientists would not have been able to uncover the bones without the effort and persistence know that they had to continue. A vast amount of work goes into the scientific findings.

dy of plant fossils and the understanding the evolution of plant life and ecology of earlier eras is known as paleobotany. Paleobotanists concern with fossil records of plants and their geologic history greatly describes the main concept of paleobotany. Only a small percentage of the plants that ever lived left evidence of existence. The major plant fossils that have been discovered are mineralized wood, flowers in amber, leaf imprints in coal, or other plant life many years ago. Paleobotanists document fossil records and use this evidence to find the past evolution of plants.

Dating of the collection was’nt avalible for the lack of stratagraphy but bone from one the the skulls was date. It returned a date of 1000 BP, the date was retreived using the uranium thorium method. These skulls have been shown to show links to those from Kow Swamp.

Like other Yale senior societies, Skull and Bones membership was almost exclusively limited to white Protestant males for much of its history. While Yale itself had exclusionary policies directed at particular ethnic and religious groups, the senior societies were even more exclusionary.[11][12] While some Catholics were able to join such groups, Jews were more often not.[12] Some of these excluded groups eventually entered Skull and Bones by means of sports, through the society's practice of tapping standout athletes. Star football players included the first Jewish (Al Hessberg, class of 1938) and African-American (Levi Jackson, class of 1950, who turned down the invitation for the Berzelius Society) students to be tapped for Skull and Bones.[11]

Three societies started the early times of life. Each society had different cultures and beliefs. With the three societies, Native America, African, and European. There where various of ways that believed settler differentiated through time Paleo, Archaic, Pre-Columbian Era. The Era’s had different belief in each of them but also had growth. Starting with the Paleo- Indian era, numerous years ago, was the first people who travel to the North America or that to be believed were the Paleo-Indian. Not knowing the true impacted on what they were coming to settled to the North America for. Different opinions on the settlement of the Native America what brought them to North America, were they just being lucky and chasing food. The Paleo-Indian Era 10,000- 15,000 years ago, not really having the knowledge of the Paleo

A prime example of science in Written in Bone is nearly all of Chapter 2 is science related. On page 23 there is a diagram of the human skeleton that labels all of the major bones in our skeletons, this helps the reader understand topics written about the human body and its bones. Also on page 22-23 it explains how after death bacteria eats away tissues which explains why there is only bone left with a skeleton. Quote "After death microbes such as bacteria feed on these tissues along with other parts of the body, causing them to decay." Along with this scientific explanation and many others there is also a complementing photo of the bacteria that helps the tissue to decay. Science is also present in Written in Bone when archeologists are trying to figure out what ancestry the skeleton is, Quote "The narrow nasal opening, the narrow face, and the shape of the bones on the roof of his mouth-were like those of English people of the seventeenth century. Using these criteria, Owsley determined that the teenager inside James Fort was European." These are a few small examples of the massive role science plays in the book Written in Bone.

I glanced to see what the big fuss was about. It just had to be a bone. I can’t even get a decent day off of work. It’s rare to get a good day off, due to there being fewer than 60 certified forensic anthropologists in the entire country. It seemed a couple days old, 6 days at the most.I grabbed Manchitas and observed the scene first

Chinese immigration to America began as early as 1838 and continues on to this date. The time period of Chinese immigration is broken up into three periods, 1849-1882, 1882-1965, and 1965- present. 1848 was when the first mass immigration of Chinese citizens to the Unites States came about . Immigrants flooding to Northern California for the same reason why thousands of other American born citizens were flooding to California, the thought of striking it rich in gold. However, because of the large number of laborers entering the country the U.S. government passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 which prohibited the entrance of Chinese laborer into the country for ten years. Due the second world war and the bombing

Paleopathological findings indicate the presence of tumors through animals well before prehistoric times. Steven Hajdu explains that written descriptions of cancer date back to the Egypt, Byzantine and other Indo-European civilizations where medicine men attempted to cure it using herbal remedies and did not hesitate to use concoctions of iron, copper, sulfur and mercury (1), elements known for its toxic nature. Failing to treat the diseases because of both the lack of knowledge of the human anatomy and DNA or proper equipment, they would claim that the wrath of God had struck upon the ill patient. Medicine Men of this time also did not strive to further study cancer since mortality rates were low due to lack of food, clean water and constant

: Fossils are the remains or traces of ancient organisms which have been preserved. For example, a fossil can exist as skeletal remains or even as a footprint. Such organisms are subjected to a slow rate of decaying since they have been rapidly buried under conditions that facilitate this. It is common for fossils to occur as hard-bodied organisms as these are more resistant to environmental influences. Fossils are usually found embedded in rock. The layers of rock are of different age and makeup. Hence fossils found in one layer would vary in characteristics from those found in another layer. They can be observed and analyzed through visual as well as radiometric means so that the age and morphology can be determined. These features indicate

The skeletal system includes the osseous tissues of the body and the connective tissues that stabilize or interconnect the individual bones. The bone is a dynamic tissue. Throughout the lifespan, bone adjusts to the physiologic and mechanical demands placed on it by the processes of growth and remodeling.