The History and Composition of Boley, Oklahoma

The journal article begins by introducing an African American couple who resided in Russellville, Kentucky. James Wright held an occupation as a corn cutter while his wife Gladys worked as a cook in a white home. The time span of their journey occurred at the beginning of the great depression all the way through World War II. Seeking better employment opportunities, James traveled to Louisville. Although, his first couple trips were in vain. His resilience and determination eventually lead to a job working for International Harvester. During an era of many trials and tribulations, James found a way to support himself and his family by migrating from a rural to an urban area. By sharing this anecdote the author establishes a mood of hardship

In this article what was unusual in Longtown Ohio was that people didn’t think that the person’s color was important. Longtown Ohio was well known for its historically early integration and for its educational opportunities for the blacks. By Washington post, published by an article adapted by Newsela staff “Ohio town holds rare history: Races mix freely for 200 years”, explores how Longtown has its history and how people’s color isn’t that important. According to the Newsela staff, politicians were saying that Longtown Ohio has had a rare history behind it. Longtown Ohio has been noticing that the town was struggling after the war took place. “ When we began to need machinery and bank loans

By the 1920’s the amount of African Americans in New York City had more than doubled. Meanwhile the roadways and subway system had just begun to reach Harlem, where some of the most influential Blacks had situated themselves. Soon after, Harlem became known as “The Black Mecca” and also as “The Capital of Black America”.

In Red Earth: Race and Agriculture in Oklahoma Territory, Bonnie Lynn-Sherow gives an in-depth agricultural and racial account of the Oklahoma Territory settlement focusing on African Americans, white settlers, and Native Americans after the land rush. Throughout the book, Lynn-Sherow depicts the Oklahoma Territory from the first Oklahoma land rush in 1889 to the year before it became a state, 1906. Lynn-Sherow puts emphasis on three specific counties in Oklahoma Territory that are identified with each of the three groups of people previously mentioned. The counties include Logan County, Blaine County, and Caddo County. The sources used throughout Red Earth, which include oral accounts, aid in her explanation by explaining how different life

Similarly, Kelley examined displacement between poor and middle-class blacks in the context of de-industrialization of Birmingham in the post-war period. "Segments of Birmingham's black industrial

Free, southern blacks and other minority groups made their way up north in order to fill the employment gaps left by the start of World War 1. Pamphlets and fliers were sent to the southern states promising African Americans, many of whom still worked on the plantations of their previous owners, well-paying jobs. What many did not realize, is that, despite the opportunity and hope being offered, Cleveland was a hotbed of racism and discrimination at this point, and would only worsen with the arrival of uneducated and unskilled minorities. (Stapleton, 17 July 1997, para. 3-5)

Community leaders in the city of Atlanta knew it was time for drastic changes, and by the 1920’s Tech-woods Flats were run over by unsafe and unsanitary structures, overcrowded residency, and poor ventilation. In response to this devastation among residency of Tech-wood Flats, in 1936 Atlanta built the first ever Tech-wood Home that provide temporary housing for white families, although Tech-wood populations was 94 percent black. African American families were forced to move out of their homes and look to stay somewhere else, while white families were able to move in. Things began to change in the 1960’s, when laws were passed prohibiting officials from continuing the practice on barring single mothers and welfare recipients from there complexes.

Nonetheless, Africans Americans weren’t equally spatially segregated throughout Kansas City. The development of black residential segregation that occurred everywhere including KC occurred at a time when a number of factors pushed African-Americans up from the South, pulling them to different regions of this nation, which came to be known as the “Great Migration” of 1910 to 1930. Factors such as “general dissatisfaction with conditions, the boll weevil’s destruction of crops, the black press, low wages, poor housing on plantations, inadequate school facilities, rough treatment and cruelty from law officers, unfairness in the courts, lynchings, the

Austin’s melting pot of cultures give a warm country feel with that city charisma. Austin is the 11th largest city in the United States and the 2nd largest capitol (“Austin Population 2015”). The 2014 population of 865,504 was a 2.7% growth from the previous year (“City of Austin Population History”). The Austin-Round Rock Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is composed of five counties (Bastrop County, Caldwell County, Hays County, Travis County, and Williamson County) with an estimated population of 1.9 million people in the combined counties in 2014 (“Austin Population 2015”). The City of Austin is 47.1% white, 36.5% Hispanic, 7.0% African American, 6.8% Asian, and 2.6% other ("Age Structure by Race and Ethnicity, City of Austin, 2014 Estimates."). What is interesting, however, is that according to a 2014 University of Texas at Austin study, although Austin has been consistently ranked one of the fastest growing cities in the United States, the city is losing its black community. Austin has experienced a decline in African American Americans at -5.4% and a total population growth of 20.4% (Tang and Chunhui,

Problem Identification: As African American moved to Prince George’s County to be part of a phenomenon that has been rare in American history: a community that grew more upscale as it became more black. “The county became a national symbol of the American Dream with a black twist” (Michael, 2015). However, their dreams were shattered.

“There a hundred or more houses in the quarters. The streets of the quarters are unpacked, sandy places. The woods surround everything. Bull alligators can be heard booming like huge bass drums from the lake at night”1 Polk county mainly Central Florida was founded by wealthy white families in the mid 1800’s who sought opportunity of cattle and developed cities dedicated to their kind. Even with the success of building multiple towns with railroads, cattle, citrus production, and phosphate industry attracted blacks for job and property opportunities. With the migration of blacks to Polk county caused a ripple effect of segregation and for black to build up communities for their own people. African Americans defeated

For far too long, African Americans have been neglected the rights to decent and fair housing. In “In Darkness and Confusion,” William Jones expresses his discontentment with the almost cruel living conditions of the ghettos in Harlem as he stated, “It ain’t a fit place to live, though” (Petry 261). William was especially motivated to move to a better home to protect his wife, Pink’s, ailing health. William and Pink searched high and low for more decent places to live – however, they simply could not afford decent. Though marketed to those with lower than average incomes, the ‘better’ housing for blacks were still deficient and extremely pricy. In

In the early twentieth century, East Liberty was a flourishing business district with affordable housing for its residents. Decades later, this neighborhood’s prosperity declined as residents began fleeing to other areas and businesses were forced to shut down. This left East Liberty in diminished conditions, like the conditions depicted in John Edgar Wideman’s story of Homewood in Our Time. Urban renewal efforts were quickly adopted for East Liberty, but these efforts failed. Today, the area is in a state of continuous revitalization, which is beneficial for the economy and some citizens, but African Americans don’t always benefit from these changes. Chris Ivy explores this division in his documentary Easy of Liberty. Failed urban renewal efforts of the sixties and continuing gentrification have transformed East Liberty’s booming business district into a racially divided neighborhood.

Where there is such a rich social history inside this awesome city of New Orleans, current occupants battle to get by with restricted fiscal and civic resources. As a result of the constrained resources residents believe that it’s hard to win a living and bring kids up in a protected, quiet, beneficial and prospering condition. The Red Flame Hunters are a gathering of African American youth from the seventh Ward drove by the helpful Edward Buckner from the First Huge 7 Social Legacy Division. The First Huge 7 Social and Legacy Division is a consolidated, non-benefit association, which is likewise a buildup group based expressions neighborhood program focus, situated in the seventh ward; one of New Orleans most difficult neighborhoods.

Another aspect that greatly affected the racial spatial pattern that can be seen today, is the uprooting of the Freedman’s Town and other black communities in North Dallas by constructing the governmentally funded, Houston & Texas Central (H&TC) railways, Roseland Town Homes, and the Central Expressway (Marsha & Robert, 2005). The historic Freedman’s Town community in the southern part of North Dallas was created in 1869, by newly freed slaves (Velin, 2010). Still out casted and ostracized, freed slaves in response created this community in an effort to have their own institutions and infrastructures. The rapid development of freedman’s Town created a region, merging with other of black communities (Marsha & Robert, 2005, p. 179). By 1872,