The History of Female Genital Mutilation and Its Consequences

For class today, we read two brief articles on genital mutilation. In class, we also watched V-Day: Until the Violence Stops. Female genital mutilation is the removal of some or all of the external female genitalia. It is performed with a blade with or without anesthesia. I have been aware of the idea of male circumcision before, but I had honestly never thought about female circumcision before the reading. It shocked me to learn that certain cultures did not want women to have sexual desires. As a teenager growing up I did not know enough about my own body, I could only imagine what it was like to not understand your own body and not understand why your community would want you to have a FGM procedure done. Leyla Hussein explained that she

Throughout history, there has been a controversial argument on whether female genital mutilation should be banned from Africa. Some people describe female genital mutilation or FGM as a violation of women’s rights and others view it as served for a religious purpose having to do with the Islamic holy book, the Qur’an. Female Genital Mutilation is the removal of all or part of the external parts of the female genitalia. There are three different types of FGM; the first type of FGM is the Sunna Circumcision which is the removal of the tip of the clitoris. The second type is Clitoridectomy which is the removal of the entire clitoris and the adjacent labia. The third type is Infibulation which is the removal of the clitoris and the entire labia including the labia majora and minora. After the removal of the entire labia, the joining of the scraped sides are brought together using thorns or catgut, leaving only a small portion open for menstruation and urinating. Africa has the highest rates of FGM being performed. About 100 million women and girls are affected by FGM and at least 3 million girls are at risk undergoing this process every year. FGM is usually carried out by an elderly woman who is paid fees from the family of the girl undergoing this process (P.a.p.-Blog par. 2, 4). Female Genital Mutilation is usually performed on girl between the ages of three and adulthood. According to the UNICEF or United

R/ The female genitalia mutilation is one of the cruelest rituals still practiced in most parts of the Middle East and mainly in Africa. This tradition is considered by the World Health Organization a global concern. This ritual clearly violates the human rights of girls and women and is extremely painful. The reasons for this atrocity could vary among regions and are linked most to cultural and social factors, but the two most prominent reasons are: a process to

The practice of female circumcision is happening in areas across the globe such as Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The United states and Serval others counties look at this as a vicious act of genital mutilation and an outright human rights violation (Clay, 2017, p.g.22). The practice of female circumcision has gone on for years as a cultural rite of passage in some countries. Other countries see it as a religious belief and others see it as a way to make their daughter more desirable for a husband The author reports that even through in the United States that many women more than half a million are still at risk of having their genital cut from the CDC reports in 2012 (Clay, 2017,

Female Genital Mutilation, is a topic which has caused many controversies worldwide. Female Genital Mutilation is a tradition since antiquity, which occurs in twenty eight countries in Africa, and among certain communities in the Middle East, and Asia. The latitude of this issue is massive. The United Nations estimates that this practice has been performed on about 140 million females, who encounter immediate complications of shock, infections, damage to the urethra, scar formation, tetanus, bladder infections, HIV, along with long -term complications that lead to death (Lauren V, 2011). It is estimated that 3 million girls are at risk annually! During this paper, I will discuss in depth the two ethical theories (Deontology and Utilitarianism). These ethical theories will be a guide, to help understand the moral issues of Female Mutilation, and whether one can view female mutilation to be right or wrong. Aside from the ethical theories, I

It is not more of one than the other. Female Genital Mutilation is acknowledged worldwide as a defilement of the human rights of girls and women. It reveals established inequality between sexes, and institutes an extreme method of discrimination against women and girls.

In Cultural Diversity around the world “Female Circumcision” is a global violence against women. According to Essential of Sociology text book “female circumcision surgery occurs seven to ten days after birth, but in others it is not performed by girls reach adolescence. Among most groups, it takes place between the ages of 4 and 8” (285). The textbook also stated about 140 million females have been circumcised in worldwide. This practice obtains on diverse shapes in different cultures. These methods would carry clinched alongside the majority condition without any structure of modern medical technology. There are women who demand that the culture continue. Others claim it is a structure from claiming custom torment to reduce female

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), also known as female circumcision, is practiced in Africa and in the Middle Eastern part of the world. FGM has been overlooked by a multitude of people because it is considered a religious practice. FGM can lead to many serious long-term physical complications. A Kurdish girl, Payam, and her little sister were forced by their mother to undergo FGM; their experience had a ghastly effect on them. Nothing could ever compare to the pain they had to face when being circumcised. This practice dates back two thousand years ago.

Every year, Millions of young girls in third world countries fall victim to Female Circumcision also known as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). Recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women. It reflects deep-rooted inequality between the sexes, and constitutes as an extreme form of discrimination against women. This procedure does not only tarnish the female persona and natural attributes, but effects the victims in various ways such as: Physically, Mentally, and Emotionally.

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is the summarized name given to multiple procedures that involve partial or total removal of the female genitalia, or other injuries to the female genitals for non-medical reasons. The act of FGM is carried out for traditional purposes only. Women and young girls are both subjected to this act of brutality. This paper will take a more in depth look at FGM and the psychological repercussions, the cultural differences, and the violation of human rights that are all associated with it.

Imagine this! Being either a young girl or a woman forcefully bound against your will while elders perform a procedure called Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). The young girls and women who are forced to have this procedure done not only loses their rights to sexual pleasure but their rights are sliced, chopped, punctured, and finally burnt away. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) otherwise known as Female Genital Circumcision (FGC) is also a controversial topic in Western societies. This paper will examine the history of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), hegemonic perspective on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), health consequences of having this procedure done, how Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) affects women’s sexual function, and women who

As Americans, it is easy for us to take an ethnocentric view on FGC. When we hear of any practice where part of a girl’s genitalia is removed, it sounds horrifying. We take this position naturally because the practice of FGC is unknown to us; it is something we do not understand—and therefore we can easily condemn it. We hear that this procedure takes place in Africa, Indonesia and The Middle East. Since we deem these countries third-world, we assume these people are un-educated, ignorant and need our (America’s) help, to eradicate the tradition of FGC. Many believe that Female Genital Cutting is an archaic tradition supported by male dominated societies to keep women in their subservient roles. However, if we examine this procedure closer, one will find many parallels with Western cultures and an extreme hypocrisy with this reasoning.

     Many of us never heard of Female Genital Mutilation until the story of Kauziya Kasinga, a woman from West Africa. Her father did not believe in polygamy, forced marriage, or "female circumcision". He died when she was 17 and the father's sister inherited the home, banished the mother, ended Fauziya's schooling, and

Female circumcision, also known as Female genital mutilation, or female genital cutting is a custom that has sparked controversy among many people belonging to other cultures not accustomed to the practice. Within the argument lay a series of debates surrounding the issue as culture and tradition clash with human rights over whether or not this practice should be allowed. Advocates against the practice draw on the prevalence, perceptions, and reasons for conducting FGM to combat what they believe is a human rights issue.

“More than 90 per cent of women aged 15–49 years have been cut in Djibouti, Egypt, Guinea and Somalia.” (Childinfo.org, 2013) The act of female circumcision can degrade a woman’s body, mind, and spirit. In some cases, death or a disease could even be a result of this horrific procedure, because it is no longer a legal practice in Egypt, so people go to unlicenced doctors where it is done in unsanitary conditions. The most horrific and only story I ever had the misfortune of reading was that of Egyptian feminist and activist Nawal El Saadawi as she described her traumatic circumsison procedure "Since I was a child that deep wound left in my body has never healed, “I lay in a pool of blood. After a few days, the bleeding stopped, and the daya [midwife] peered between my thighs and said, 'All is well. The wound has healed, thanks be to God.' But the pain was there, like an abscess in my flesh. I just wept, and called out to my mother for help. But the worst shock of all was when I looked around and found her standing by my side. Yes. It was her, I could not be mistaken, in flesh and blood, right in the midst of these strangers, talking to them and smiling at them as though they had not participated in slaughtering her daughter just a few minutes ago.” (El Saadawi 1980) This just shows how she had all those hurtful feelings at once, the pain physically caused by the action, the psychological pain of what had just happened to her, and