Essay on The History of the Roy Adaptation Model

For centuries the development of nursing knowledge has been influenced by numerous theorists and their respective theories. These theories have influenced, and continue to influence, nursing education, practice and research. (Johnson & Webber, 2005)

The nursing profession has evolved dramatically since Florence Nightingale. Nursing is now the largest health care profession in the United States and comprises one of the largest workforces (Rosseter, 2011). Nursing has become an increasingly specialized field and using a theoretical basis that defines the person receiving care should be the goal for nursing interventions (Im, 2012). Nursing is more than cleaning and giving medications. Knowledgeable nurses have been improving health outcomes since 1990 because they are using research and evidence based practice that has proven to provide better care (Stevens, 2013). Nurses who combine clinically useful information with specifically defined theories also help to provide effective specialized health care (Im, 2012). I use situation-specific theories because they create frameworks that better defines patients and can correlate the integration of research and evidence based practice into my care.

Martha E. Rogers’ nursing theory of “Science of Unitary Human Being” consists of eight concepts namely: energy field, openness, pattern, pan-dimensionality, homeodynamic principles, resonance, helicy, and integrality. Understanding these concepts is the beginning for direct guidance into the practice of nursing. They provide a different explanation for the metaparadign concepts of person, health, environment, and nursing [4].

The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast nursing theorists from the four categories which are identified by Meleis as: Needs, Interaction, Outcome and Caring. (Meleis, 2012, Chapter 9) I have chosen Faye Abdellah, Imogene King, Myra Levine and Jean Watson as the grand theorists that I would like to explore for this study in contrast and comparison. This decision was made, in part, due to the fact that all of these theorists were born and educated in the twentieth century and I felt that their theories might be more applicable to my nursing practice. The information contained in the tables was obtained from several sources in an

Roy believes nursing as a key player to help patients to develop coping mechanism and positive outcome from the constant stimuli exposure. Roy’s goal is for the patient to achieve adaptation leading to optimum health, well-being, quality of life, death with dignity, and finding in life by participating in their own care (Roy & Andrews, 1999.)

Throughout nursing, there are many theories that nurses may come across and use. Calista Roy’s and Betty Neuman are two theorists that use two different types of models to encompasses the health, person, and the environment. Callista Roy uses a theory that promotes adaptation to the stimuli a person may encounter. Betty Neuman uses a theory that promotes equilibrium in a time where a person will encounter stress. These theories allow the nurse to bring a knowledge to learn more about the person and the factors that influence their health. Although with any theory there are different approaches in how the nursing plan is done, but with the patient in mind, it makes the difference in care that is given and allows for better outcomes for the patient.

Ida T. Bjork, K. L.-M. (2013, October). From theoretical model to practial use: an example of knowledge translation. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 69(10), 2336-2347.

To support excellence in nursing practice, Roy’s Adaptation Model (RAM) guides nurses in developing effective care through the use of reasoning, critical thinking, and decision-making. With a focus on adaptation, RAM can be utilized as a framework to conceptualize and plan individualized patient care or may be applied in a limited context to develop interventions for distinct clinical populations (Senesac, 2013).

Nursing has made a tremendous push towards being a profession during the past century. Many in the health care academia not only see nursing as an academic discipline, but also an equal colleague. This transformation is due to nursing progressing towards theory-based practice. "A nursing theory is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and /or prescribing" (Ameen & Mutha). Theory based-practice has made nursing meaningful. Experts in the field developed, tried, and tested nursing

Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model are considered as grand nursing theories. The grand nursing theories are a conceptual model, which identifies the

Roy states four different aspects of the concept “environment” as discussed in the article that we analyzed in class. List the four ways Roy defines “environment” and discuss each definition, and include an appropriate example from your clinical experience (or from your own personal experience with illness). Do you find Roy’s ideas about the importance of “environment” in nursing practice useful? Why or why not?

With the development of the definition, role, and perspective of nursing, so too, should the traditional nursing paradigm evolve. Many theorists attempted to make the paradigm malleable to changing times and the development of the profession. However, it was the domains of knowledge that were created to encompass the evolution of the traditional nursing paradigm. The areas included nursing client, transitions, interactions, nursing process, environment, nursing therapeutics, and health (Meleis, 2012, p. 97). I concur with the theorists, “none objected to the inclusion of all domain concepts-if indeed a theory is able to address them all” (Meleis, 2012, p. 97). These central concepts will expand research interests and continue to build

This theory explains, describes, guides, and supports nursing practice. It gives language to the unspoken beliefs and perspectives of the nursing profession. This allows the nursing professionals to better envision, realize, and articulate their unique role in healthcare (Green & Robichaux, 2009). Human caring is the basis of therapeutic relationships between human beings (Wade & Kasper, 2006)

It is also used in diverse practice in global setting. It is used to guide practices to meet patient and family needs of patients in critical acute and chronic healthcare problems. It is a holistic approach that allows the nurse to conduct nursing practice base on nursing theory where by allowing individuals and families to meet their health needs that demonstrate optimum clinical nursing practice. It is a holistic approach in the care of the patient and through directing nursing education and clinical practice the Betty Neuman System Model is used. However, the effective conceptual transition among all levels of nursing education and is the basis for continuing education after graduation facilitating professional growth. It validates nursing roles and activities and in the nursing practice. It is a widely used framework used in nursing research that guides enhancement of nursing

Being the daughter of a Licensed Vocational Nurse and the eldest of seven children, Sister Callista Roy learned the importance of selflessness, caring and the importance of really knowing and caring for others. A scholar with a degree in sociology as well as nursing, and her involvement as a Sister in the church showed a true dedication of service of others. (Parker & Smith, 2010, p. 168). The Adaptation Model looks at a patient’s health through the lens of adaptation, being able to change based on environmental factors whether they are internal or external Shah, M. (2015). Compare and Contrast of Grand Theories: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Roy’s Adaptation Model. International Journal of Nursing Didactics, 5(01), 39-42. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijnd.2015.vol5.iss01.28.39-42. This model was developed while completing her Master’s Degree influenced by Dorothy