The Hubble Telescope Report

Another great advantage of the Hubble telescope, is that it allows Astronomers to have observations without the interference of cloud cover and illuminating glow of the atmosphere that is caused by the light from the sun. The reason why Hubble allows Astronomers to have such great observations without the above interferences, is because Hubble is in space and is orbiting the Earth. Also, being that Hubble orbits the Earth and is above the atmosphere, this allows Hubble and it's Astronomers to have a wide range view of the electromagnetic spectrum. One of the greatest things about Hubble is that it allows observations to be consistent and it's optical stability allows Astronomers to detect small changes in what they are

Hubble’s revolutionary work includes finding a constant relationship between galaxies’ distance and redshift. This helped prove that the universe is expanding. He also created a classification system that was created for galaxies. The system he created is called the Hubble Sequence, which many researchers have used for the past decades.

In this paper I will explain how astronomers determine the composition, temperature, speed, and rotation rate of distant objects using various methods. I will explain the properties of stars. I will also summarize the complete lifecycle of the Sun and determine where the Sun is currently in its lifecycle.

PURPOSE: The aim of the investigation was to further our understanding of the physical laws that govern our ability to receive and interpret information in the form of visible light. We have all had a physics class that at least brushed the introduction of optics, but we can still further our comprehension by experimenting with optics that have different characteristics. Does one axis truly get inverted when viewing an object through a lens? How significant of an effect does human error have in calculating reflection (if any)? How much does magnification blur an image viewed through an optic? How much does the angle of light deflect from a change of medium?

The Hubble costs about 2.5 billion dollars to make. Also it has 6 cameras and sensors. It was launched in the honor of Edwin Hubble (also why the telescope was named after Edwin). As the telescope goes around in orbit with a light spectrum from the ultraviolet to near infrared it is able to take some very incredibly close and clear images. The telescope uses a digital camera to capture all of the great images and uses radio waves to send the pictures through air back to the Earth so we all are able to see what great things are happening outside of the Earth. With all of the information we get from the telescope we are able to stars being born and stars die. We are able to see galaxies that trillion miles away. It was able to see a comet pieces crash into gases above Jupiter. Also, we have been to discover moons that are around pluto that have never been able to see before. Additionally, we are able to understand how planets and galaxies form. We have so much information and have discovered so many new things from the Hubble Space

As Hubble probes deep into the universe, it has allowed us to see the past. Allowing us to figure out cosmic mysteries. In the orion nebula images have allowed us to see a new star as well as glowing disks that scientist believe will form into planet. It takes billions of year for us to see the light of cosmic objects as the light takes several light year to see. This allows scientist to look back in time.

The only thing standing in Edwin’s way of getting a clean picture of the stars was this thing known as the Earth’s atmosphere, which because of the fluidic gas and dust that make up the atmosphere it often “blurs visible light, causing stars to twinkle and making it difficult to see faint stars.”(Dunbar) As this makes his job virtually impossible, a German scientist comes up with the idea of a telescope in space to not only see farther but also to see clearer, this was a crucial turning point in Hubble’s findings and will eventually lead to the one of the greatest and most recognized theories around the world.

On April 24th of 1990, The Hubble Space Telescope was launched. This was an important event for NASA, because they finally had something to looked further into the space. The Hubble Space Telescope was known as (HST), and it was sent to orbit around our earthly planet. Did you know it took only 97 minutes to orbit around our planet? Hubble Space Telescope helped change the NASA’s thought on the universe because,

Since its conception in 1958, NASA has been a pivotal organization in innovative technology and space exploration. With inventions such as the Hubble telescope, or the space shuttle, NASA has provided the world with existential research regarding space. With a renewal of popular interest in NASA, the organization would be able to continue contributing vital research in the medical, and technological fields, as well as the future exploration of space as humans know it, and the future habitation of other planets.

Edwin Hubble was a pioneer astronomer who highly attributed to the study of the physical universe. He completely changed our understanding of the universe by demonstrating that our universe is larger than what was previously thought and that the universe is expanding (Brown, n.d.). These discoveries were also some of the first to support the theory behind the creation of the universe, the Big Bang (Sandage, 1989).

It uncovered many mysteries of the universe. It aided in the calculation of the age of the universe, provided evidence for the existence of black holes, and mapped dark matter for the first time. The Hubble Space Telescope was launched on April 24, 1990. This was after about thirty years of planning and building the Hubble. It has been worth it though, as Hubble has made 1.2 million observations of our universe since it was launched. The telescope can see astronomical objects with a size of 0.05 arc seconds, which is the equivalent of being able to see an object the size of a penny 6,773 miles away. It also has the pointing accuracy of 0.007 arc seconds, which is the equivalent of being able to shine a laser beam on a dime 200 miles away. At the time it was built, the Hubble Space Telescope was the most technologically advanced invention ever. However, despite the Hubble Space Telescope being able to explore most of our solar system and even being able to see a small amount outside of our solar system, the best image that the Hubble Space Telescope ever got of Pluto was a pixelated and blurry image. With this image, scientists were never able to understand much about Pluto from data brought back from the Hubble Space

Many scientist used telescopes to look at the planets and turned up the brightness. It helped showing how far the planet was and to show there are planets between the star and earth. Scientist started looking for pulsating stars and using them to find different planets. To find smaller planets scientist used NASA’s Kepler telescope. The telescope was very helpful for NASA and it proved that there are smaller planets. They figured out that some stars have planets. NASA’s help was very successful and they found different planets by the

“I love thinking that my father has touched some part of that machine. Since publishing this book, I've heard from other children of Hubble engineers, and they express a similar kind of pride in knowing that a parent played a role in bringing these truly astounding images to the world” (Smith

The Hubble Space Telescope is one of the most amazing machines in orbit right now. In 1946, an astrophysicist named Dr. Lyman Spitzer proposed that a telescope in space would reveal better and clearer images that are even far from earth than any ground telescope. This idea was very extravagant because no one had yet launched a rocket into outer space. As the US space program excelled quickly over the early years, Spitzer lobbied NASA and Congress to develop a space telescope. In 1975, the European Space Agency and NASA began to develop the telescope that would change astronomy for ever. In 1977, Congress approved funding for the development of the space telescope and NASA named Lockheed Martin Aerospace Company as the prime contractor

As stated on nasa.gov, “Hubble has made more than 1.2 million observations since it’s missions began in 1990.” Hubble has also expanded astronomers knowledge about the universe and space as a whole. The most famous observation made by this telescope was that of galaxies beyond our own, Milky Way, and discovering that the universe is much larger than further predicted. Before this telescope, ground based telescopes could only see into our galaxy and could not reach any further. Therefore, it was thought that the Milky Way was the only galaxy included in space and the universe. Due to the fact, Hubble’s telescope, expands and allows for the study across a wider light spectrum, astronomers can see beyond further predicted. Another famous observation, studied by astronomers was that of the study of uncharted territories of the cosmos. As proposed on hubblesite.org, “It became increasingly clear to astronomers that Earth’s atmosphere distorted starlight, which made it difficult to obtain razor-sharp views of celestial objects. The idea of placing a telescope in space, above Earth’s turbulent air, had been kicked around for several years. But scientists pondered how to transport a telescope into space.” That was until, Hubble’s creation that displayed imagery of the cosmos. Once again it had accomplished a feat that had troubled ground based telescopes. In