The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Essay

Since its identification approximately two decades ago, HIV has increasingly spread globally, surpassing expectations (1). The number of people living with HIV worldwide is estimated to be 36 million, with 20 million people having died from the disease, giving a total number of 56 million being infected (1). In 2000 alone, 5.3 million people were infected with HIV and there is potential for further spread. HIV infection rates vary all over the world with the highest rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (1). Responding to this epidemic has been a challenge as infection rates have increased worldwide despite tremendous public health efforts by nations (1). The identification of potential interventions to reduce the magnitude of the problem has

We have been aware of HIV and AIDS since the 1970s (Miller, 2012), and though there have been treatments and reduction in the number of people infected, the disease remains. The disease results in death usually following opportunistic infections as a result of AIDS destruction of the immune system, but thanks to modern medicine “many people

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is a pandemic problem affecting global health. At the end of 2015, 36.7 million people were living with HIV/AIDS globally. The rate of incidence is more prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa with almost 1 in every 24 adults living with HIV/AIDS. In the united states, HIV/AIDS is a diversified health problem affecting all sexes, ages and races and involving the transmission of multiple risk behavior. However, with the introduction of various prevention programs and antiretroviral drugs, the incidence of HIV/AIDS has reduced.

In the past four decades, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been discovered, developed into an international epidemic, and

Introduction –HIV, Human immune deficiency virus which started in late mid 90s has already devastated many people causing great economic impact on their families, communities and health care systems. In USA the first HIV patient was diagnosed in 1981 after which disease spreads rapidly by which it affects nearly 1.2 million people as of now. As per US centre for disease control and prevention Out of 1.2 million

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: It stops the HIV virus from making copies by interfering with a critical step during its life cycle.

The epidemic disease AIDS was discovered in the US in 1981. According the world health Organization (WHO) ‘’ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a term which applies to the most advanced stages of HIV infection”. The outbreak of this HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) affected women, men, and children from every single part of the world and resulted in fears and folk tale and the deaths of many. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates 34.3 million people worldwide were living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 1999 and an estimated 15,000 people become infected each day. An epidemic

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, more commonly known as HIV, started as a serious illness and eventually led to death rapidly. About thirty years ago HIV was discovered as a transition from chimpanzees to humans in West Africa. The researchers believed that the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus most likely was transmitted to humans and mutated when humans hunted these chimpanzees for food, coming into contact with their infected blood. Over the years, the virus slowly spread across Africa and later into other parts of the world, such as the United States (“Where did HIV come from” all). In the U.S, 4,000 people are diagnosed with HIV every year (“HIV/AIDS at A Glance”). Instead having any symptoms or signs of this epidemic illness, the rate of victims grew greatly (“What is HIV”). As a result, HIV is not completely curable, but there are ways to control it. Testing positive for HIV now provides updates of additional information not known about including causes, signs, treatment, and prevention. The lack of knowledge on sexually transmitted diseases aren’t fulfilled as they should be.

The HIV Pandemic: The ongoing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pandemic has and continues to devastate many individuals across the globe, leaving children orphaned, families fractured, and local economies disrupted. The first known and confirmed case of HIV infection dates back to 1959 [1], however AIDS-related pathologies were not recognized as interrelated outcomes from the same disease until 1981 when clusters of young, homosexual men in New York City and Los Angeles began presenting with Pneumocystis pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma [2,3], illnesses most often associated with compromised immunity. The causative agent of this immunodeficiency, initially known as Human T-Lymphotropic Virus, type III, now known as HIV, was first discovered in 1983 by French and American scientists [4,5]. Since this discovery, an estimated 39 million people have died from HIV/AIDS, and over 35 million people are living with HIV today with an estimated 2.1 million new infections believed to occur each year based on the most recent data from the World Health Organization (WHO) [6]. Sub-Saharan Africa represents the most heavily burdened region with women disproportionately affected; accounting for 58% of HIV infected individuals. Furthermore, young women, aged 15-24 from this area represented 60% of all newly infected individuals in 2013 [7]. Young women therefore represent a unique group at high risk for acquiring HIV, and reasons for this increased susceptibility require further

Only a few diseases in modern history have been so devastating and impose a direct global public health threat to be referred to as “The modern plague” [1, 2]. The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered to be the causative agent of one of the deadliest pandemics our generation have witnessed collecting over 30 million lives worldwide since the 1980s [3], with 3.4 million children under the age of 15 living with the virus as of 2012 [4]. In 1983, HIV has been linked to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by Robert Gallo and his collaborators in a series of four papers published in Science magazine [5, 6]. Since then, research has been targeting

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects the human wellbeing by attacking the body’s immune system which is the natural defense system in the human body to resist infections. When the immune system is being compromised, the body becomes less capable of fighting diseases, allowing the body to become more susceptible to infections. Different from other viruses that the body can get rid of, HIV will remain in the body for life (Wright and Carnes, 2016). HIV works by attacking the CD4, which assists the immune system to resist infections. If not treated the virus decreases the number of T-cells in the body, thus making the person’s immune system highly prone to infections or infection-related cancers (Wright and Carnes, 2016). After the body’s immunity is actively depleted, therefore allowing opportunistic infections to invade the body, the patient will be approaching the final stage of HIV, also known as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), quickly (Wright and Carnes, 2016).

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major public health challenge worldwide (Sepkowitz, 2001). HIV is a microscopic organism that attacks and destroys the immune system (Carter and Hughson, 2014). This has caused 35 million people to be diagnosed with the disease and an estimated 39 million people dying from HIV related causes since the beginning of the epidemic (World Health Organisation (WHO), 2016). The United Kingdom (UK) experienced a five percent rise in HIV diagnosis from 2012-2013 resulting in 107,800 patients being diagnosed with HIV (Public Health England (2014). This figure has led the UK to having one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in Europe (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2013). HIV still remains incurable with no effective vaccines in place, nonetheless measures have been put in place to curb its transmission (Munier et al, 2011). The introduction of antiretroviral therapy has triggered a decrease in replication of HIV in the infected host (Connor, et al., 1994).

The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a condition that results to full blown AIDS. HIV is a retrovirus emanating from the lentivirus family which was not known until early in the 1980s. Since then, the virus has spread across the globe to infect millions of people. Persons infected with the virus experience a complete destruction of their immune system (Sadik 6). As a result, HIV infected persons face the risk of opportunistic infections, illnesses, neoplastic complications, and even death. The disease is largely transmitted through sexual contact making many people vulnerable for infection. HIV-1 is the variant that is responsible for almost all the HIV infections. Sadly, HIV infections are on the rise among the youthful population due to indulging in sexual relations at an early age. This has provoked the unfair attack, “You are the problem humanity faces,” due to the rising prevalence of the virus among today’s young generation and the whole human race. As such, the essay aims at refuting this position and proving that my generation is in no way inadequate when it comes to dealing with the HIV epidemic.

The human immunodeficiency infection (HIV) has claimed the lives of more than 35 million individuals since its emergence. In 2014, an estimated 3000 individuals in New Zealand was reported to be living with HIV. And, although HIV doesn 't discriminate, the brunt of this epidemic’s impact has disproportionately affected specific populaces.

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive, without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through a number of mechanisms, including Pyroptosis of abortively infected T cells, apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.