The Human Microbiome Project ( Hmp )

The relationship between the human gut microbiome to health and disease is strong. Human physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune function are all affected by the composition of the gut. If the composition of the gut microbiome is altered in a way that any of these functions are negatively affected, this can lead to disease. The developments of the microbiome, its complexity, and its functionality in health and disease have been extensively studied. In addition, the way in which it is altered has many implications in the cause of diseases, such as bowel disease, obesity, diabetes and cancer.

Analysts have been concentrating among the dynamic parts of supportive microorganisms inside the human body, and they found out that: “In fact, most of the cells in the human body are not human at all. Bacteria cells in the human body outnumber human cells 10 to one.” (Jennifer Ackerman, 2012, p. 38) Ackerman also expresses that

The human microbiome has received more attention in the last few years as scientists have begun to link health and mental wellbeing with these internal synergists. Murray and Manary (2015) define a microbiome as an “ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms living inside the body…100 trillion organisms, including anaerobic bacteria, archaea, yeast and parasites.” Humans are born and immediately exposed to these microbes, creating their own microbiome within hours. The natural birth baby inherits microbes of the mother and caesarian section babies receive microbiota of those who handle them first (Ley, 2006). Genes, and the environment from which they are born into, shape their future microbiome (Ley, Peterson,

Both in and on our body, there are 10 bacterial cells for every single human cell. This collection of organisms that inhabit the human body is referred to as the microbiome and accounts for nearly 2% of our total body weight.

We know currently essential information about microbiomes to help us understand the human body a little better. The skin, mouth, esophagus, stomach, colon, gut, and vagina are composed of microbial communities. Collectively, the gut has the most information. Information pertaining to these body parts however, are limited simply because each individual is unique This makes each body just as unique as the person. (The Scientist Staff) It is in still in question whether we are functionally redundant between community members, and what kind of factors are influencing this. (Turnbaugh)

In our world we are surrounded by microorganisms, some are harmless, many are beneficial; they are a part of our normal flora on our skin and in our intestines, providing a barrier against microorganisms that may not be so harmless. It is important, however, to distinguish which microorganisms are potentially pathogenic from those that are not, and when someone does get ill to determine what the organism is so appropriate treatment can be determined.

The gut microbiota encompasses trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract (Carding et al. 2015). The composition of the gut microbiota is constantly evolving and can be susceptible to both endogenous and exogenous modifications (Carding et al. 2015). The microbiota

In 2007, the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) was begun by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to obtain a better comprehension of the sophisticated biological reactions between the microbiome and individuals. By utilizing of revolutionary culture-independent technology, the specialists in the HMP plan to accomplish two key points: to test the microbial communities found at many various locations in the human body and to examine the function of these microbes in mankind 's health and diseases (Scher and Abramson, 2011). It has become obvious that bacteria groups vary not only among people but also within the human being, upon on the body site sampled and the sampling time (Pineda et al. 2011; Huttenhower C, 2012). In this review, I will review the role of the microbiome in the development and progression of

These complex communities play an important role in health and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity. The microbiota living symbiotically with their host are generally non-pathogenic and have evolved with humans in order to combat colonization by harmful bacteria while extracting energy from non-digestible polysaccharides. There are many factors that contribute to the stability of the gut microbiome. Typically, the gut microbiome is established at birth and differs with mode of delivery (vaginally vs. cesarean) [7,9]. Therefore, the manner in which a child is born influences the composition of bacteria. Other factors include host environment, genetics and lifestyle, the latter of which is the focus of this proposal [8,16]. The gut flora are beneficial to humans as they provide essential nutrients while also acting as an adaptive immune system [7, 23]. Research has suggested that antigens released from gut microbiota can be absorbed and infiltrate adipose tissue, thereby worsening chronic inflammation and oxidative stress associated with obesity [23]. Therefore, identifying the specific microbiome of an individual can be diagnostic of metabolic disorders [8] and may contribute to impaired endothelium-mediated

Shortly after birth, a baby’s stomach is lined with intestinal bacteria called microbiota, and it’s supposed to remain there for the rest of this organism’s life span. In humans lower intestines there are billions of bacteria with almost 2000 different species that are

Which is why on the 28th of July, a new study was released that would go on to explain what we know microbiota as we know it may be lacking.

The diversity of microbes that each of us hosts is as individual as a fingerprint and yet easily transformed by diet and our

The human body harbours huge and complex microbial communities, called the microbiota. The microbiota is gaining importance in human health due to increasing evidence that its bacterial component plays a role in the occurrence of chronic diseases [1]. In this regard, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (or gut) bacteria are very important [2], being the niche for many bacteria which have been extensively studied [3]. Rather than the action of single or group of gut bacteria, perturbation of the overall gut bacteria (dysbiosis) is crucial for the integrity of the GIT and extra-GIT disorders [4]. The gut bacterial composition is influenced by both intrinsic and extraneous factors [5]. These extraneous factors include diet [6] and physical activity [7].

This research brings us one step closer to fully understanding the bacteria that reside in our

In simplest terms, microbiome is microorganisms that live in specific part of our body. We depend on these microorganisms to stay alive; some microbiome, example being the gut microbiome, has a more detailed role like protecting our immune system, providing vitamins and breaking down the food we eat. The microorganism, microbes, are busy releasing substances that affects aspects of our health like weight control and immune response but are stable. Sometimes our lifestyle affect the microbiomes in ways like diets, drugs, etc.