The Human Papiloma Virus

This Anaesthetic case study would describes and discussed the scenario of a patient through the anaesthetic role of their surgical procedure. It will include and discuss the anaesthetic safety procedures equipment and drug interventions used to ensure this particular patients maximum safety and comfort before and during the procedure. The case study will include pre and peri-operative assessment in order to describe the involvement contribution of various specialties in the holistic care of the critical care patient. This assignment will focus only on the anaesthetics side of the procedure but will also highlight the importance of the triad of anaesthesia and discuss the administration, maintenance and reversal of

Tommy Callahan, a 9-year old male, was referred for a voice evaluation and therapy by Dr. Larry Nix, an otolaryngologist. He was scheduled for a follow-up speech evaluation after a tonsil and adenoidectomy one year earlier. Nasoendoscopy revealed velopharyngeal incompetency. During videostroboscopy, bilateral vocal nodules were also identified. The patient’s mother reported that he went from sounding, “stopped up all the time,” to sounding, “almost like a deaf person, but he doesn’t act like his hearing is different.” When Dr. Nix explained what causes nodules, Mrs. Callahan noted he has always sounded hoarse because he was always acting out the latest Marvel Comics or Transformers movie.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a double -stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus that only infects humans with an attraction to both cutaneous and mucosal surfaces such as the cervix, anus, tonsil, and oropharynx (Clark, 2013). HPV is a type of oncogenic virus that goes into the cells and can cause several diseases. Over the years, research has surfaced connecting genital HPV to several types of cancer. There are over a hundred strains of HPV but the most high risk strains, 16 and 18, have been shown to cause vulvar, vaginal, anal, and the most concerning, cervical cancer (Chan, Ng, & Wong, 2012). Genital HPV

The human papillomavirus is a type of virus that is spread through skin to skin contact with an infected person. It is very common. In fact, it is estimated that 20 million people in America have been infected with the HPV virus. This virus may not produce any symptoms.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the world. It's also one of the most feared, due to mounting evidence showing links between HPV and cancers of the cervix, throat, anus, and penis.

Viruses can cause illness when they find a host cell then start to multiply. Viruses can enter the body from from water that you drink, air that someone breathes in or cuts and breaks in the skin (Dr Ananya Mandal, 2017). Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 40 different viruses which affect the mouth, genitals or throat. It is highly contagious and very common; it is spread through any skin to skin or sexual contact of the genital areas although anal and vaginal are most common. It can cause genital warts and cervical cancer (Nhs.uk,

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a commonplace sexually transmitted infection, with approximately 14 million new cases each year in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HPV can be found in the genital area, in addition to the mouth and throat. Occasionally these viruses cause benign warts, but usually HPV infections are undetected and go away without any complications. But you should know that there is a connection between a certain type of oral HPV and oral cancer.

The HPV or better known as the Human papilloma virus helps prevent cervical cancer for women.

On examination, she was saturating at 99% on room air and her lung fields were clear without any wheezes or crackles. Examination of her oropharynx did reveal some oral thrush and a severely crowded oropharynx.

Human Papilloma Viruses (HPV) belongs to the papillomarade family. They are made of a small, naked, capsid 55mm in diameter that encloses a circular. They are double-stranded DNA viral protein known as L2 which is less abundant.

Oropharyngeal (oral) cancer can be associated to the exposure of HPV strain type 16 which is high risk. This strain type is believed to be caused by the changes in sexual practices. Though oral cancer due to HPV is very rare, it’s still cause cell changes in the oral cavity. HPV has been detected of approximately 26% of all squamous-cell carcinomas of the head and neck (D 'Souza et al., 2007). HPV positive oral or throat cancer are starting to become more prevalent among adolescents and adults. About 3% of men and few percent of women have HPV 16 found in their saliva (Human HPV and Throat/oral cancer, n.d). Individuals who have more than 3 or 6 sexual partners and perform various sexual practices are usually at an increased risk of contracting the virus.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the human viruses that people might not be aware that they have. HPV can be present within someone’s body but there may be no visual signs or symptoms. The reason why there may be no signs and symptoms is because the immune system can diminish HPV on its own since it can automatically sense it and clear it out of the body, this happens about 90% of the time. Vast majority of the people having human papillomavirus will be cleared out within two years and have no future problems. The Oral Cancer Foundation states that HPV might be present in human body for many years before it is detected or converted to something worst such as cancer (N. Sathish, 2014). However, there are cases when the HPV will stay

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection. HPV family of viruses comprises many oncogenic and non-oncogenic types that cause anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers and anogenital warts in men respectively. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at particularly high risk for HPV infection and HPV-related disease (Markowitz et al., 2014). In one study, oncogenic HPV types 16 and/or 18 were detected in 37% of MSM between ages 16 and 30 years (Glick et al., 2014). Anal cancer rates are more than 17 times higher among MSM compared to their heterosexual counterpart (Daling et al., 2004, Joseph et al., 2008; Machalek et al., 2012). Anal cancer rates are even higher among HIV-positive MSM (Silverberg et al., 2012). Moreover, recent data revealed a rapid increase in HPV associated oropharyngeal cancers rates among men in the United States (Charturvedi et al., 2011). Aside from cancer, HPV associated anogenital warts negatively affect quality of life and are expensive to treat (Woodhall et al., 2011). Close to 7% of gay and bisexual men report history of genital warts. (Dinh et al., 2008)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double stranded DNA virus that has more than 40 different types that are transmitted through sexual contact. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted disease affecting more than 79 million people worldwide with more than 14 million new people being affected each year (CDC 2015). HPV is so common that more than half of all sexually active adults will be infected in their lifetime (AULT 2006). Most of the 40 types of HPV pose no health risk and are usually fended off by the body’s immune system but the four most common types of HPV, HPV16, 18, 11 and 6 are known to cause either cervical cancer (HPV16 and 18) or genital warts (HPV11 and 6). Different types of HPV

Cardiac: Regular rhythm without murmur, normal S1and S2. One plus edema to bilateral lower extremities. Capillary refills are presents and carotid bruits are absent.