The Hyracotherium: The Evolution Of Horse

The discovery of Equidae fossils worldwide has provided excellent evidence of the evolution which has affected many characteristics of the family. An example of one or the most notable alternations seen between the first ancestor, the Eohippus of the Eocene period, and modern Equus can been seen in the feet and limbs of each and through the many related species also in the family tree. As previously mentioned, the Eohippus was a small creature with short, but sturdy limbs with four toes on its front legs and three toes on its hind limbs. Despite the length of its limbs, many scientists describe the Eohippus as a capable runner with movements and a build similar to a medium sized dog, the most common comparison being a greyhound. When standing the Eohippus carried most of its weight on its

1) The size of a horse foot is relative to the size of the horse

The Friesian horse originated in Friesland, Netherlands, and is now one of the oldest breeds in Europe. In the 18th and 19th century Friesians were farm animals. Their high-stepping trot made them a popular means of transport and ideal for trotting races- a new sport at the time. The Friesian was first introduced to America in 1625. The breed was starting to go downhill after New Amsterdam was captured by the British. Some interested horse breeders were interested in the Friesians and created the Friesian Horse Society in 1913, at that time there were only three registered stallions. There are currently 2,438 registered Friesians in North American and 200-300 new foals added each year. There are approximately 40,000 registered Friesians worldwide.

The centaur’s prized possession was lost and as the guard on duty that night, all blame is placed on Lysander. For punishment, they exiled him to the human’s world, away from his herd and the only life he had known. The only way he can get back to Olympus is to find the lost item. A feat made much more difficult when a gorgeous, tall, and leggy blonde trots into his life.

    The Horse is a mammal that is apart of a family group called the Equidae. It existed over 7000 years ago roaming above the Caucasian area. The animal is a majestic creature that roamed the area, hunting for meat. Over the years of the time, the horse has adapted to its environment, transitioning to an herbivore. Of the animal, there are two major breeds, the heavy weight and the light weight. The heavy weight is a subtle and slow animal while the other is a fast and energetic one. Horse Racing became popular later into time and was a major sport.

The mammalian line of descent reaches back to over 300 million years. The ancient relatives of mammals were extremely different in terms of appearance from living mammals, and are often mistaken for reptiles (for example dinosaurs). In reality though, these relatives of mammals, called synapsids, are more like mammals than reptiles.

Horses have 4 strong legs, a body shaped something like a barrel and a big head. Then followed by two big eyes and big ears. They can have over 15 possible skin colours.

(write here) some of the ancestors of octopus are very different from the now, as before were smaller, did not seem to what are now the evolution in them was very drastic, the squid are identical to the octopus only that the squid to look are smaller although they look alike.

Appearance: Horses live in a herd or small groups and pick a order of who eats and drinks first. Horses have a oval shaped hooves, long tails, short hair long slender legs, muscular and deep torso build, long thick necks, and large elongated heads. Domestication of horses has led to wide variation in the characteristics of breeds of horses.

From the early Greek to the Darwinism era until modern evolution theory we have seen many changes in the theory of evolution. There are many theories from the beginning until recent modern evolutionary of evolution. The progress continue to answer any doubts beyond the science of evolution. All species or organism have actually originated through the process of biological evolution and through the study of the history of evolution it tells us on how the theories develop until what it is today.

According to the evolutionary line it is predicted that it falls in the foundation of the evolutionary tree. However the information given about the dates of the fossils do not support this idea. Ultimately instigating that the species can be an early species of Homo that carried on older traits from previous times.

One of the most important shifts in evolutionary biology in the past 50 years is an increased recognition of sluggish evolution and failures to adapt, which seem paradoxical in view of abundant genetic variation and many instances of rapid local adapta- tion. I review hypotheses of evolutionary constraint (or restraint), and suggest that although constraints on individual characters or character complexes may often reside in the structure or paucity of genetic variation, organism-wide stasis, as described by paleontologists, might better be explained by a hypothesis of ephemeral divergence, according to which the spatial or temporal divergence of populations is often short-lived because of interbreeding with nondivergent populations. Among

Fossils are considered to be evolutionary markers that records a lineages of creatures across time — providing a distinct way to compare different species. When Darwin set forth on a journey to the Galapagos Islands, he discovered many aspects of evolution. During his expedition, he discovered the fossils of creatures which closely resembled the modern armadillos. At that time, Darwin did not possess any tools or resources to predict the phylogenetic lineages and the evolutionary history of the armadillos. However, using modern day science and techniques like DNA and protein sequencing, it is now possible to better understand the relationships between different organisms. Furthermore, by observing the early developmental (embryonic) stages of a large mammal’s life cycles it is possible to indicate the relationship of the mammals with other mammals6. The combination of these methods may lead us to determine the phylogenetic position of armadillos Dasypodidae and other related organisms, such as anteaters and sloths.

Four of the toes had early proto-hooves. The back legs had small hooves on three of the five toes. The toes were padded like a dog’s toes. The Hyracotherium had three incisors, one canine, four premolars, and three grinding molars on each jaw, which was a typical tooth structure of early mammals who were omnivorous browsers (Hunt 4). Eohippus survived for about twenty million years with relatively few evolutionary changes (Wikipedia 7). These animals lived in a sub-tropical climate and ate soft fruits and the leaves of trees.

Equus caballus is the horse as we know it today. The fossil records for the evolution of the horse dates back to approximately sixty-five million years ago. The