The I. P. Conflict

The United Kingdom expended great effort to give the appearance of neutrality and maintaining a balanced approach during their administration of the British Mandate of Palestine. Notwithstanding, an examination of British Policies during the period of 1917 to 1947 shows that they greatly contributed to the defeat of the Arabs and emergence of the Jewish homeland- the State of Israel, in 1948. The pre-Mandate actions of the British showed a clear preference for the Zionist agenda, and directly influenced the creation of the Mandate. During the mandate, the British claimed, “that Jews and Arabs would live in harmony together.” They openly resisted Jewish designs for the establishment of a home state, but their policy was inherently favourable

The Middle East has been a conflict ridden area due to clashing religions, and political and territorial disputes for centuries. Although deep-seated religious and political differences can easily cause violent rivalry, territorial dispute frequently causes long lasting tension and fighting between those involved. Specifically the area occupied by modern day Israel and Palestine and due to the area being a hub for religious pilgrims of Jewish, Catholic, and Islamic faith there has been controversy for centuries. Most importantly though, is the presence of Britain having control of the land beginning in 1917 due to the growth of Zionism. Eventually the United Nations created their partition plan as a way to try to have peace between the Arabs and Jews but as time went on it seemed less and less likely for peace to prevail (Fisher 5). Similarly, this view of the conflict being impossible to solve is present in Yasmina Khadra’s writings. Khadra in his novel, The Attack, suggests that a peaceful solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict is not possible through the extremist behavior of Sihem which correctly reflects that of the actual hatred of Israelis found in current

The investigation assesses demographic shifts to Palestine in the context of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. It more specifically inquires about the impact of Jewish immigration on Palestine in terms of the effects it had on Jewish-Arab relationships in Palestine. It seeks to determine the extent the third, fourth, and fifth aliyahs of 1919-1939 had on the economic development of the Israeli State and its social implications. Monographs and general texts will be used to provide background on the conflict, including the rise of Zionism, the British Mandate, the White Paper, and the Peel Commission. This context will also be used to critically analyze the role of Jewish immigration to Palestine and the role it played in land reforms, rioting, and the implementation of restrictions set by the British government on Palestine. Two secondary sources, William L. Cleveland’s A History of the Modern Middle East and Howard M. Sachar’s A History of

This was a result of the Balfour declaration, which promised a homeland to the Jews and vowed to protect the rights of non-Jewish people in Palestine. While Britain kept control over Palestine, remaining states such as Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon and Syria gained independence. The Balfour declaration essentially triggered a Zionist movement and encouraged Jews to migrate to Israel – altering the demographics of Palestine, as Arabs had previously been the majority population. As conflict between the Arab and Jewish population started emerging, the “Irgun” emerged as a Jewish guerrilla force. Eventually the British withdrew after World War 2 in 1948 and left Israel more land than agreed on under the UN plan and this enforced the repositioning of thousands of Palestinians. In response, the Arab nations rejected the state of Israel and its claims over Palestine and conflict was physically ignited in the 1956 Israel invasion of Sinai. This demonstrates how the violent conflict between the Arab and Jewish communities is largely caused by the political and social contentions of the

Based on the original concept of the Sykes-Picot Agreement, this area was artificially divided into two parts: France controls Syria, while Britain controls Iraq, Jordan and Palestine. After a few years, Iraq and Jordan became independent as Arab nations, but Palestine, which means the land west to the Jordan river, did not. Based on the Balfour Declaration, Zionists intensified their lobbying activities to the U.K. government in order to promote the immigration of Jews to the land of Palestine. This was also a good opportunity for other European countries to let Jews migrate out of them, under expanding anti-Semitic

In the light of the Arab – Israeli agreements reached in the 1990s, probably the only solution would have been to have divided Palestine between Arab and Jewish areas as soon as the mandate had been established. Although suggested, this was never done. As a result, Britain was seen as a weak policeman unable to control a beat for which he was not really concerned and British officials and soldiers became targets for both sides. Therefore Britain’s inept handling of the problems of the mandate therefore was a major cause of the future arab-israeli

Yesterday’s event regarding the Balfour Declaration was given by Charles Smith. The 100th year anniversary of the Balfour Declaration serves as a great reminder of the cornerstone to the existence of the Israeli state today. Dr. Smith argues that, at the time, Lord Balfour’s letter was written to Rothschild favoring a national home in Palestine. Which is what many Zionists wanted; a state in all of Palestine, not just a national home. He discusses to key elements that helped the Jewish movement further push for the Balfour Declaration’s implementation. These were the European Jewish relations within Europe at the time, which marginalized the Jewish communities. Also, European imperialism, with respect to the British, is an important point

er the war, as the years went on the Jewish population in Palestine grew tremendously. The growth created a lot of violence between Jews and Arabic’s. This violence ultimately led to Britain to make a big decision on the future of Palestine. This with the fueling of World War II and the Holocaust caused international support for Zionism. So, in 1948 they established official declaration of the State of Israel (Cohen, 2003; Levin, 1974.)

Over thousands of years Arab’s and Jewish civilizations have made deep historical roots in Palestine along with many emotional attachments. At the end of the 19th century Arab nationalism and political Zionism were starting to steak claims to the same land. These two groups would start the fire for what will become civil wars, bitter disputes, and lasting relations though the 20th century. The British wanting to break the chocolate and also pick their piece would try to settle disputes in the Middle East so that they could lay claims to the natural resources of the land. In doing this the British would double deal and both sides would be left with nothing (Khouri). The Problems in the Middle East have been going on for centuries creating a large puzzle that will never reveal a picture of harmony.

With Germany on their side, the Ottomans posed a serious threat to the allied forces. However, even with some victories, the Ottoman army was consequently spread too thin. Struggling from economic decline and fighting the brutal wars with the Balkins, the Ottoman Empire was struggling to mobilize against these strong European forces. Sensing the end of the Empire, in 1916, just two years after the war began the British came up with a strategic plan to finish the Ottoman Empire and to help win the war against Germany. The British saw an opportunity to side with the Jews and the Arabs, who wanted independence form the Sultan in Palestine. The goal was to help the Arabs and the Jews gain independence, which in return would help the Allied forces against the Ottomans. With, perhaps, inspiration form the nationalist movements in the Middle East, the British and the French created the The Sykes-Picot Agreement. This agreement was a hypothetical post-war secret agreement to divide up the Ottoman Empire into states after the collapse of the Empire. The agreement was that if the Allies won the war, the two countries would divide up the new states in Middle East and have new spheres of influence. This was a rather presumptuous agreement considering that the Allies, at this time, were far from winning the war. Even so, however, the two countries arbitrarily divided up the region into nation states that they agreed upon. Among other countries the British claimed Palestine and Syria as their

Involvement of the United States in the Middle East has caused several terrorist attacks not only in the United States but, all around the world. Paradoxically, with American involvement in the Middle East, terrorism continues.

The conflict between Israel and Palestine is just one of the many facets that have shaped modern day politics in the Middle East. It is a conflict rooted in generations of violence, discrimination and prejudice that is complicated by a history older than any of the modern day superpowers. Ever since the creation of the state of Israel by the 1947 UN partition of Palestine

The turmoil in the Levant region is constantly viewed as an ancient conflict that has been going on for centuries, fueled by religious hatred. In reality the current conflict has less to do with religion than the conflicting claims of two groups to the same region. These claims were made in the early 20th century, anticipating the fall of the Ottoman Empire, with the backing of British promises of an independent state for both sides. These claims stoked nationalism on both sides. The regional arabs began to see themselves as Palestinian before arabs and the new jewish zionist movement called for a jewish state. From the end of the first world war to 1947 both groups claimed the land as their own. That was until the Holocaust.

In 1948, six Arab nations had attacked the newly declared state of Israel. While many propose ideas why this war has occurred, both of us have come up with our own viable theories. We believe that this war is in relations to Benny Morris 's theory of a Jihadist war, Efraim Karsh’s theory of the Palestinian Refugee Problem and Elitist control, and our negotiated theory based on British involvement in Palestine.

Between 1922 the British Government used policies to tackle and deal with problems arising in the middle east after World War 1. These policies were used to take advantage points that would later help the success and growth of the British Empire and its colonial states and allied independent states. These policies were made to affect specific groups of people and different societies such as, the Jews in search of a national home, and the Arabs who believed had the claim over Palestine. The British befitted by making policies that would affect their overall strength, economy, and influence in the Middle East. Thought the policies didn’t offer either community political right, it helps the two communities (Arabs and Zionists) to organize their