The IMposter Syndrome

2. The exaggeration of female-male differences has been a popular idea in the past. The problem with exaggerating the differences between the sexes is dangerous because it distorts reality of the true differences between the sexes. Psychologists try to avoid this phenomenon. The whole purpose is to be excepting of differences not to emphasize them to the point where they become a barrier. The difference-equals-deficit error is similar in that it creates barriers instead of acceptance of differences. (10) This error is about taking a small group of people by ethnicity, sex, culture, or other such things, then taking one group and saying this is what is normal. There is a conclusion that draws from the differences of everyone else and points out something is lacking when in fact nothing is. (11)

The female is represented in the primary source as being inferior to men. They’re also known to have less energy, patience, and less physical courage than man. According to Gamble, “women have powers of intuition, finer and more rapid perceptions, and a greater degree of endurance”. Both men and women have mental qualities and equal perfection. Furthermore, she states “women can successfully compete with men in all walks of life”; this is proven because women are now working in occupations that have been regarded as belonging exclusively to men. Female’s choice in sexual selection is also superior. According to Gamble, this is evidence of a higher mental capacity and intelligence in females.

He argues in the book that the human mind makes a difference between men and women, but they cannot be judged because of their genders and mental and physical abilities. Thought the thoughts of males and females are entirely different because of internal biological differences society and culture play a part in the standards these genders should conform to fit in. Socialization to gender roles impacts the shaping of the male and female minds in society, and this Pinker did not emphasize. Gender is defined as the socially constructed behavior, roles, attributes and activities that our societies consider appropriate for women and men. The development process that shapes the mind begins in life early and heightens during adolescence stage for instance; researchers discovered that gender expectation negatively influences psychosocial development of girls. Thus inferring the fact that men and females cannot be judged by their mental and physical abilities is true but minus the influence of influences of cultural and religious biases the male and females mind would not be that different.

The mind is shaped by those with which one surrounds him or herself. This is a result of the human desire to see oneself in others as a tactic to relate and discover commonalities. The inclination to build relationships and connect to other humans is so strong that people become dependent on external gratification, even in environments where acquaintances do not necessarily reflect a person on the most basic level: sex. Due to overpowering masculinity, women oftentimes submit to the ideals of their male counterparts and the societal expectations pushed onto them as women in a patriarchal society. Jesmyn Ward’s Salvage the Bones displays that the feminine inferiority complex is not innate, but rather is informed by external forces.

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a condition where there are two or more distinct identities that are and will become present in an individual. These personalities can and will eventually take control of the individual, many people consider having dissociative identity disorder an experience of being possessed. The individual can and most likely will experience memory loss that is more extensive than ordinary everyday forgetfulness (Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder). Around two percent of people will experience dissociative disorder, women are more likely than men are to be diagnosed with DID. "Almost half of adults in the United States experience at least one depersonalization/derealization episode in their lives, with only 2% meeting the full criteria for chronic episodes” (Dissociative Disorders).

“The Imposter” made in 2012, is a film tale that follows the chronicles of Frederic Bourdin, a con artist, who managed to trick an unsuspecting family into believing he was a long lost relative. Bart Layton directed this documentary and uses unconventional techniques to unravel this complicated, unbelievable story.

What ?false selves? you have identified as being at work in your life? How have they manifested and how do they impact the way you ?walk in the world? and your relationship with God?

The commonly held theories that women are inferior to men, because they lack the strength of character, mind, and body that men are attributed to having, are misleading for many reasons. To assume that men are superior in these three aspects is to assume that all men and women equally share the same strengths and weaknesses of their entire sex. To do this one must accept the fact that all

Types of Dissociative Identity Sicknesses. Dissociation, this was the earliest to explain, example when the child is day dreaming, having an imaginary friend. The person will still need treatment to receive healing. The most extreme case of (DID) will happen during the treatment of child unfair treatment and is the moat treated. (Costello, 2015) The second form of (DID) Dissociative Identity problem, not otherwise specified, (Ross C. A., 1997) it come from the neglect pathway. (Ross C. A., 1997) In less violent and cruel cases the child may find that one parent cannot provide the attachments that's needed. (Iberra-Yruegas & Perales-Blum, 2016) All patients seemed to have the same beginning that mother was noted to be a person who can't stop

Loss of personal identity was a large theme and took it’s tool on Eliezer’s life. The first event that made Ellie feel empty and lost his identity was when the guards separated the women/girls and men/boys to different places. The words “Men to the left! Women to the right!” had been burned forever into Ellie’s memory. He knew the he lost part of himself, knowing he would never see his beloved mother and sister Tzipora again as they headed to the crematoria. If that wasn’t heartbreaking enough, their valuables, and special items to them were taken away. Sequentially Ellie and his father encountered an inmate. He old them what ages to “be” in order to avoid penalties. In addition, Elie and his father had encountered the notorious Dr. Mengele

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Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID, also known as apotemnophilia and xenomelia) is a rare condition in which the person experiences a strong feeling of ‘overcompleteness’ with four limbs, causing an intense desire for amputation (1,2). Instead of a wish for amputation there may also be a desire to paralysis (3). These individuals do not suffer from delusions or psychosis, and fully understand the bizarre nature of their desire (2,4). At this time BIID is not included in the ICD-11 or DSM-5, causing this condition to be unknown by psychiatrists, neurologist and surgeons. Therefore there is no effective pharmacological or psychotherapeutic treatment option available (2). Only the requested amputation itself seems effective, but for ethical reasons those amputations are not preformed in regular healthcare (3). As a result BIID individuals often avoid healthcare and express their desire by pretending to be disabled or, in extreme cases, by eventually performing self-amputation (4–7).

Moreover, the assumption that women aren’t as smart as men due to genetics is called biological essentialism. Tyson explains biological essentialism as a theory and “belief in the inborn inferiority of women” (Tyson 1). Tying back to patriarchal society, men were believed to be superior due to this concept, as women have always been portrayed as the weaker sex, in a biological way. This gave men an excuse to be controlling over their wives, as seen in “The Yellow Wallpaper” and “The Story of An Hour”. Both Gilman and Chopin criticize patriarchal society in the sense that when men possess a “natural” sense of superiority over women, it leads them to be controlling over women; however, women seek liberation away from their oppressor, with patriarchal society ultimately winning in the battle towards their freedom.

There are multiple examples of where this is evident in the stories. It also states, “ evidence of one woman’s determination to meet her own economic, psychological, and eventually emotional needs in ways that challenge certain norms” (Hall 203). There have been brave women that challenged the norms of patriarchal society. These women realized that this oppressive society treated them unfairly, and they could not take it anymore.

His disdain for the overconfidence applied by men is very obvious in many of the words he uses. For example, Dunning repeated, “In many case, incompetence does not leave people disoriented, perplexed, or cautious. Instead, the incompetent are often blessed with an inappropriate confidence, buoyed by something that feels to them like knowledge.” “Incompetence" and “inappropriate confidence” bite at the reader, condemning those who partake in faking competence. Even the title of the essay itself judges all men by calling them “confident idiots”. Terms such as these outright display how Dunning disapproves strongly in how people “grossly overestimate their prowess and performance”, and this level headed, seemingly objective tone produced by it increases the essay’s