The Image Of The East In Arabian Nights : Burton Versus Mahfouz

For centuries, one of the most controversial aspects of society was racism. Minorities and ethnic groups are despised and viewed with abhorrence since the coming of the Industrial Revolution.

Racism is the belief centralized in the idea that a certain race is considered to be superior or inferior to another. It is a belief that labels a person’s worth, social, and moral traits based on his/her inherent nationality or biological features (Anti-Defamation League). This mentality has been around for centuries and still exists today. There are several theories about how such came about and why it continues to thrive. Racism can only be thoroughly studied by tracing its roots and history. Knowing the relevant events prior to and after the peak of a racist manifestation in the society during a certain period of time is one of the keys in understanding the nature of racism. It is important to note that the attempt to understand the nature of racism is not necessarily equivalent to the attempt to justify it. The main purpose of racism studies should be directed towards the attempt to lessen, if not eradicate such mentality. The Holocaust, the infamous racist manifestation which took place in Germany is a great example of what happens when racism is not stopped or prevented. Taking such infamous racist events in history under an extensive look, reveals some of the major arguments/concepts/causes of racism that could lead to understanding racism as a whole and thereby help address this issue in the modern-day society. Extreme ethnocentrism, rivalry for supremacy, and people lacking information are some of the causes of racism deemed to be important in studying

We’ve often heard the terminology “white racism” which is a socially organized attitude by a group of people who share the same identity, members of the dominate group which undercuts the subordinate group from having the right of opportunity and freedoms to say the least. From the functionalist perspective racism, prejudice or any type of societal disharmony is dysfunctional; with further investigation the solution made available is

Throughout the novel you can see the corruption of power via characters and their cultures. The Hazaras being a minority group, practicing the Shi’a Muslim religion, they were treated unequally. The affluent Pashtuns have discriminated the Hazaras for decades and considered them as servants. The separation of ethnic groups in Afghanistan, led to the Pashtuns utilizing their power to abolish the Hazaras out of their history. The two groups have a ongoing ethnic conflict that is inscribed into a child at a young age "I found one of my mother's old history books. . . An entire chapter dedicated to Hassan's people! In it, I read that my people, the Pashtuns, had persecuted and oppressed the Hazaras. It said the Hazaras had tried to rise against the Pashtuns in the nineteenth century, but the Pashtuns had "quelled them with unspeakable violence." The book said my people had killed the Hazaras, driven them from their lands, burned their homes, and sold their women."(Hosseini 9) It is not socially acceptable for Pashtuns and Hazaras to be acquainted. Both groups do not believe the other is a “true” Muslim and express this through violent outbursts. Nevertheless, there are exceptions to these social norms. Baba, Amir's father was a Pashtun and wealthy but throughout the novel has not followed the religious expectations of a Sunni Muslim such as despising

One of the social reforms that are argued to have been achieved by the contemporary society is acknowledged that all people within the society are equal irrespective of some socio-cultural differences such as race. The view that all persons are equal is ingrained in the society and supported by an array of a legal framework. One of the supporting legal frameworks is the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, which asserts that all persons must be treated with equality, disregarding other differences based on elements such as gender and color. The constitution of the United States also stipulates that every citizen should be accorded equal treatments disregarding socio-cultural elements such as gender and race. Although such constitutional affirmations paint how the society is dedicated to addressing problems various types of human discrimination, racism continues to be one of the outstanding challenges. Racial problems continue to affect the nature of relationship within the society. The cause of racism has often been associated with social construction of differences, and that addressing racism would need to begin by addressing the socially constructed differences. This paper examines the history of social construction of race.

Orientalism, as termed by Edward Said, is meant to create awareness of a constellation of assumptions that underlie Western attitudes towards the Eastern societies. While some of these opinions show the cultures in a positive light, the majority of them are biased and emphasise on depicting negative aspects as perceived by strangers to the Eastern culture.

The world has implemented segregations amongst our societies for millennia. Simply by observing society it is evident that it is drawn to isolate and divide itself into subgroups depending on distinct factors. Some of these are more crucial than others, and some have even become taboo in our culture. Race is one of the most essential partitions ever determined due to the controversial and ambiguous nature of the word itself (Andreasen 664). The word race comes loaded with differing meanings that are debated by numerous

The concepts I learned in this assignment reaffirm my belief that in any culture, race or class that considers itself superior to others view others as a threat to their position. Therefore, in order to maintain the prominent status, the superior entity will resort to providing disinformation to groups that the elites exert influence over. The disinformation is designed to created fear that results in false beliefs and views. Hence, the concept of “inferior races, cultures, and classes” manifests itself in

For centuries, racism has become the universal epitome of culture, despite the efforts of various civilizations, such as the Western and European to combat these indifferences among people. A race is specific social group that can be differentiated through various ways, from facial features and hair textures, to social norms and habits that constitutes to that group. These differences contribute to our uniqueness and humanity. Because people can be grouped by any number of differences, Man, lead by his ignorance, perpetuated the issue once social-hierarchies began to develop, splitting society to its various groups. As a result, social disparity from one’s upbringing became the common tendency to look down, or look up at people of other

The chosen item is in the 1992 Disney film, Aladdin. After watching the movie, there are many disturbing stereotypes of Middle Eastern people. I wanted to choose this film because I was disturbed how Disney was portraying middle eastern people and their culture to children. I do want to criticize Disney for depicting the Middle Eastern culture and people with some stereotypes, and this essay will inform readers why Disney’s depiction was false. There will be many mentions and detail analysis of what Disney has done to make the film stereotypical.

Racism has been an ongoing social justice issue for decades, and we seem to always fail to make it stop. According to Dummett (as cited in Fernando, 1984), racism is the behaviour and attitude that emerges from our beliefs that certain people are different from us. These differences are mainly based on race, where people come from, physical characteristics, such as colour and hair type or behavioural characteristics, and that people categorized must be treated differently based on their needs, capabilities and rights. Usually there is one dominant and superior group and a few inferior groups (Dummett, as cited in Fernando, 1984). Coates and Morrison (2011) suggests that what we distinguish as real and true may not always be real and that things may not always be as it seems. Coates and Morrison (2011) also states that we live in a racial matrix, where we have this illusion of reality and that differences associated with racial status and hierarchies are perceived as the norm in society and this perception of reality is not easy to get rid of. There are four types of racism; subtle racism, colorism, internalized racism and reverse racism (Nittle, 2016). Racism can be explicit, but it can also be very subtle and covert, which is a huge problem, as most people do not even notice it and they do not realize that it happens on a day-to-day basis (Coates and Morrison, 2011). Racism is not only one problem or concern, as it is brings along a variety of other problems and is compiled

The main inferences/conclusions in this article are that the author is stresses that the concepts race and racism are unnatural social constructions and that racism simply cannot exist without the concept of race.

Racism is prejudice plus power (influence, status and authority). It exists in many different forms and in almost every facade of society; from subtle discrimination in everyday life and scandals in politics, to occurrences like lynching’s in the South and Police Brutality. Racism is complicated, systemic and institutional as described by researchers; (Jones, 1997): personal, which may be considered the same as prejudice (Allport, 1958); institutional, involving a set of environmental conditions, such as housing market conditions, that favors one group over another; and cultural, referring to shared beliefs about the superiority of one group over another. Racism also often involves control by one group over resources that another group

Edward Said described the western way of seeing others as Orientalism, which western people believe that they are superior to the rest of the world and that the rest of the world move backwards. Although Orientalism is a misunderstanding concept of the west, it is recognised worldwide.

There are still other reasons behind the spread and continued practice of racism in the global context. Racial discrimination has also spread as a result of migration amongst certain groups in the context of globalization. With the rapid economic, political, social and cultural unification of the entire globe, the aspect of people from different poles converging at unlikely bearings. This