The Image Processing Techniques For Breast Cancer

Over the past two decades, mammography has become the central tool used to detect cancerous regions within the breast. This evolution has been enabled by advancements in the technology itself and its implementation into healthcare regulations of numerous countries around the world (Pisano et al., 2004). In its beginning stages, breast cancer is a relatively treatable disease, and increased awareness for both mammograms and self-breast examinations have led to earlier diagnoses. Studies suggest that increases in mammography screenings have been one of the main reasons that breast

The Susan G. Komen Foundation of Greater Atlanta’s goal is to reduce mortality of African American breast cancer by 25% in the next 5 years (Susan G. Komen Atlanta, 2017). In order to reach this goal, Komen has created many local outreach programs to educate the community about breast health and breast cancer screening (Susan G. Komen Greater Atlanta, 2017). Educational programs like these can have significant impacts on breast cancer mortality rates (Asuquo and Olajide, 2015). However, they may need to focus on certain racial, ethnic, or socioeconomic groups (Herndon, et al., 2013). Worship in Pink is one of Komen’s educational outreach programs that provides breast health and screening information to participating religious organizations (Susan G. Komen, 2017).

Approaching the American breastworks in the pitch-black night was not the most reassuring feeling in the world. True, our forces were far superior to the motley crew of American soldiers that lay before us, but confidence could only do so much for a man in my position. The thought of dying at the hands of these insane, untrained American soldiers crept into my mind and distracted me from my surroundings. Stumbling slightly in the darkness, I stopped dead in my tracks when I realized just how close we were to the breastworks. I held my breath and crouched down, as did many other men around me. All other sounds around us ceased. Slow, cautious movements and near-inaudible whispers came from behind the breastworks. I scanned my dark surroundings

Mammography is a popular technique but it has its limitations especially in younger women and in denser breasts. The Computer-Aided-Diagnosis has been proposed for the medical prognosis [7-9]. The fuzzy logic and Artificial Neural Network form the basis of the intelligent systems. There are several instances where the artificial intelligence is used for the diagnosis of the breast cancer. The methods have included many Artificial Neural Networks architectures such as Convolution Neural Network [10], Radial Basis Network [11], General Regression Neural Network [11], Probabilistic Neural Network [11], Resilient Back propagation Neural Network [12], and hybrid with Fuzzy Logic [13]. In this paper [7] a supervised artificial neural network [14-16] was used to help classify the breast lesions into malignant and benign classes by processing the computer cytology images. The accuracy of the trained neural network was found to be 82.21%. The ANN has been established as a robust system for the diagnosis of breast cancer [18].There is a complex relationship between different biomarkers which were identified for the diagnosis of this cancer [19], the MLP neural network was simulated for the diagnosis using four biomarkers

Due to the new technology such as digital mammography and stereotactic devices, we are now able to perform minimally invasive needle localization breast biopsy's that are more accurate and less disfiguring to the patient's breast. This video went over the procedure, giving step-by-step instructions on how to perform this exam. It begins with a mammogram that demonstrated an abnormality.

Kolata, G. (2009, November 17). Panel urges mammograms at 50, Not 40. The New York Times.

Mammograms are a test a person can have done to see if they have breast cancer. A mammogram is an x-ray picture that can show lumps in one’s breast two years before it can be felt (National Cancer Society.) Mammograms can be very controversial on whether or not they are necessary. Mammography is very convenient in the way that they are low-dose x-rays which lowers the radiation risks. Also, if you could catch the cancer thru testing, rather than finding out two years later when you feel a lump, why wouldn’t you? It’s always better to be safe than sorry.

The article describes the lack of strong evidence to support the guideline of rather women should start mammogram screening at age 40 or 50 as well as the age to stop having mammogram screening. A group of experts in primary care and prevention called USPSTF recommend women of age 40 to 49 to consult with their doctor about mammogram and decide for themselves on when is the better time to start mammogram screening. Early mammogram has caused a number of false positive cases and unnecessary breast biopsies. This has cause the U.S. health care system as much as $4 billion dollar per year. Even though early mammogram has saved lives, there is no strong evidence to really back up when mammogram screening should begin versus the risk and cost.

The manner in which mammography as a whole has assisted in many detections of breast cancer in women around the world has shown that it is really vital to the screening process of breast cancer, and to think that mammography is still evolving to greater things of detecting these small lesions of cancer (Kopans, 2007: 1).

The trend for a number of women is to get breast augmentation as plastic surgery has become very popular in the United States due to consciousness of their appearance. Breast augmentation is the second most popular plastic surgery in the United States following liposuction. Breast augmentation consists of increasing the size, changing the shape, and altering the texture of the breasts of a woman. Many women get implants to make themselves stand out more and to have a great appearance, but there are many reasons that they should put the harmful effects into perspective.

By definition, the NASA’s Digital Breast biopsy system is the procedure of locating and scrutinizes abnormities through the technology of mammography. Formed by the foundations of NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, the development of the Digital Breast Biopsy system, has extended to possibilities of science, by advancing in ‘life-changing’ clinical performances, to support patients with earlier detections of breast cancer.

Over the past 20 years, breast magnetic resonance imaging also known as breast MRI has evolved into one of the most sensitive modalities for screening and detecting breast cancer. Breast MRI is mainly used for two purposes; women who have been diagnosed with cancer and women who are at a high risk for breast cancer. As many advantages as breast MRI has, it also has a few disadvantages just as other modalities do.

In image processing, noise reduction and restoration of image is expected to enhance the qualitative inspection of an image and the performance criteria of quantitative image analysis methods Digital image is inclined to a variety of noise which attribute the quality of image. The main purpose of de-noising the image is to reinstate the detail of original image as much as possible. The criteria of the noise removal problem depends on the noise type by which the image is contaminated .In the field of reducing the image noise variously type of linear and non linear filtering techniques have been proposed . Different approaches for reduction of noise and image betterment have been considered, each of which has their own

In this paper, we will be looking at different methods for comparative study of the state of the art image processing techniques stated below (K means clustering, wavelet transforms and DiVI approach) which consider attributes like color, shape and texture for image retrieval which helps us in solving the problem of managing image databases easier.

2) k-means Algorithm k-means is an unsupervised clustering algorithm which is used to classify input image to k clusters based on the nearest mean. The modified algorithm for k-means derived from [11] is explained as follows