The Impact Of Arabic Numerals In Medieval Europe

Among the many scholars working in the House of Wisdom, there was Al-Khawarizmi, known as the father of algebra. Born around 800 in Baghdad, al-Khwarizmi worked in the House of Wisdom as a scholar. Being involved in the center’s translation of ancient scientific knowledge helped him develop a unique knowledge of the accumulated wisdom of the world. His importance lies in his discoveries of mathematical knowledge which was later transferred to Arab and European scholars. His masterpiece, a book of clear explanations of what would become algebra, was his entire life’s work compiled into one collection of information. The word algebra comes from the Arabic word, al-jabr, which means “completion”. In his work, al-Khwarizmi explains the principles of solving linear and quadratic equations, the concept that an equation can be created to find the value of an unknown variable. Another crucial work of al-Khwarizmi’s was The Book on the Art of Reckoning of the Hindus, which introduced the numbering system used in the Islamic culture to the west. This is the numerical system that is still used today and offered many advantages over the existing Roman numerals. An

After looking over the symbols they created and how they were simple and understanding, I realized that the Mayans were way ahead of their time. All they used were dots and lines and as a zero, it was just a rugby ball looking thing. Instead of creating 400 different symbols to create just the number 400, they used four symbols and just changed the combination of them differently. Forty used three symbols, one rugby ball symbol and two single dots. Four hundred used three symbols too, two rugby ball looking symbols and just one single dot. By far more the one of the better in complex number systems. Compared to the Aztecs, who had feathers for 400 and finger symbols for 1, the Mayan’s number system was easy, with just dots and lines.

HVII. INFLUENCE OF INDIA ON ISLAMIC THOUGHT: Indian mathematics grabbed the attention of places in the Dar al-Islam. Muslims found it attractive for both educational purposes and accounting. They adopted “Indian numerals,” which was later called the “Arab numerals,” since they learned it from the Arabian Muslims. Completely simplified bookkeeping.

There are several labels that could best describe the era between 500 and 1400 in Europe otherwise known as the Middle Ages. The best three are, The Dark Ages, Age of Feudalism, and, the Age of Faith. All three of these labels represented ideas that were vital parts of the Middle Ages. For example, The Dark Ages lasted a long period of time right after the fall of the Roman Empire where much culture was lost.The Age of Feudalism brought a new type of social structure to the Middle Ages, helping the people of Europe attempt to once again bring about culture and knowledge lost because of the Dark Ages. Finally, the Age of Faith showed how truly powerful the Catholic Church was. Everything, whether it be architecture, art, literature, or music

Document Based Question Essay, focusing on the Middle Ages The Middle Ages in Western Europe began with the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, and ended in the 15th century. At the start of this time period Europe was not perfect it was politically divided, experiencing sea raids, and not many people had the ability to read and write. Europeans struggled in the beginning of this era and were still learning how to become a unified community, Europeans were able to overcome these difficulties with a unified religion through the Catholic Church, and lastly towards the end of the Middle Ages Europe came into a new more dominant trade position.

The Middle Ages was an era that has been described with many different labels, which are all backed with various events. The period had both positive and negative cultural effects. This era brought many different achievements in the religious, political, literary, and architectural fields. Although many cultural advances were made, it did not come easily due to much conflict between countries and beliefs.

This was one of the most significant events in the history of education. This way meant that scholars could easily communicate with each other, and “ideas were translated from Greek, Latin, ancient Egyptian, Chinese, and languages from other parts of the world's.” (Doc D). This knowledge could be read and discussed by scholars all over the Islamic Empire, which greatly defined the spread of ideas through the region. That was the last condition needed for the spread of math and science in the Islamic

Although the west did have its own cultivation of knowledge, the majority of westernized thinking originated in India and other Southern Asian countries. The people of India invented Hindi numerals. Arabs gave these numerals the title, ‘Hindi numbers’. These numerals included the concept of zero and allowed mathematicians to make fast, accurate calculations. Once Arabs had begun using the Indians numerals and concept of zero, Europeans were then introduced to these concepts and called them ‘Arab numerals’. Chinese used Indian mathematical concepts but advanced the ideas which allowed them to expand in that field of knowledge. The methods that the Chinese used based off of the ideas of Indians, shows how methods were spread. Since the

Even though the late middles ages saw unprecedented chaos, it was now becoming a time of creative fragmentation and rebirth of the view of human creativity and individuality. In addition Europe was recovering from the demographic and political crisis that it faced. There was also a unprecedented scholarly renaissance. Especially in educational and cultural reforms. Also, social engineering and political planning also began as centralized new governments put long-range economic policies into practice.

The reason to why their number system is truly their most remarkable achievement is because it would already be hard to make a number and then have to give it a name of what you or anyone would call it. Not only did they make their own number system, but they also understood. It can be very difficult to make your own language or number system and understand it. It is also very remarkable because at their time not a lot of cultures had the knowledge of the zero, they did.

In Medieval Europe Kingdoms there were many changes. Most of the changes were good for the world. The changes in medieval times can be drawn comparison to todays world. The changes focused on will be political, social, and economic. These changes will help people understand a small part of the worlds history.

The Middle Ages, often referred to as the Dark Ages, was regarded to be a time of despair, disease, and death. Just as the name the “Dark Ages” suggests, this period of European history seemed to be surrounded by darkness and hopelessness. Unfortunately, the majority of people only see this side of the Middle Ages when, in fact, the Middle Ages was a much more important era. Especially during the late Middle Ages, one can find a change in orthodox social structure, political instability mostly concerned with succession to the throne, and economic changes and how those changes went hand in hand with the change in society. After certain demographical changes and turning points such as the Hundred Years’ War, Europe began to transform

The mathematics had been developed for four thousand years, and Muslim inherited mathematics from Egyptian, Mesopotamians, Sumerian and Babylonian. Greek geometry and Hindu arithmetic and algebra reached at an early stage in Muslim lands and were translated in centers such as Gondeshapur and Baghdad. Starting out at intellectual center of Islam, they soon criticizing those concepts and formulation by finding inaccurate and inconsistent information and adapt their own ideas. At the same period in Western Europe, they still use Roman numerals and abacus to calculate numbers. The Babylonian already had concept of bases sixty computation with place value numerals. Muslim then developed a decimal arithmetic based on place value and joint concept of zero. In the ninth century, Banu Musa brothers who were three gifted sons of Musa, Muhammad, Ahmad, and Hassan ibn Musa lived in Baghdad studied problems in constructing interrelated geometrical figures. Later the characteristic of those line, space of geometrical shape was given intense study and utilized sophisticated geometry in designing waterwheels, in improving farming equipment, in developing new type of weapon used at war. Another person who make significant contribution on mathematics is Muhammad ibn al-Khwarizmi, a Persian born in the eighth century. He was the first person who originated both terms “algebra”, and

The 14th, 15th and part of 16th century was a glorious time for Europe, it was the reformation of many old ideas and the formation of many new, this was called the Renaissance. The Renaissance brought many changes to Europe, the economy was greatly boosted by of all the new explorations. The flourishing economy helped to inspire new developments in art and literature. And from that many new beliefs were formed.

Separated into several parts, history has various important and influential moments that occurred. So to speak, the middle ages were one of the most critical points in history, including the early, middle, and late stages of it; in which all refer to the same time period but broken down into smaller segments due to many occurrences during each time. Although there were several events that influenced the middle ages, the High Middle Ages was a time in which best represents the entire time period due to its high concentration of noteworthy, and significant events. For example, during this time is where we began to see change amongst land and population, trade and cities, and the development of Kingdoms and cultures.