The Impact Of Exchange Rate On Exporting And Importing Enterprises

Exchange Rates: The Exchange Rates are other important global factors for which company’s ultimate revenue is affected. For example sudden major change in the Exchange rate of UK with other countries is a great threat or facility for TESCO PLC business.

The exchange rates risk that is associated with economic, transaction, and translation exposure in Indian market. From the analysis, anticipate the fluctuations that seem to occur in the next 24 months

Before we look at these forces, we should sketch out how exchange rate movements affect a nation 's trading relationships with other nations. A higher currency makes a country 's exports more expensive and imports cheaper in foreign markets; a lower currency makes a country 's exports cheaper and its imports more expensive in foreign markets. A higher exchange rate can be expected to lower the country 's balance of trade, while a lower exchange rate would increase it.

Changes in exchange rates are the result of changes in demand and supply factors for goods and services, such as changes in tastes, relative incomes, and relative prices. Under a flexible-rate policy, all domestic prices are linked with foreign prices. Any change in the exchange rate automatically alters the prices of all foreign goods to domestic goods. The price change alters the relative attractiveness of imports and exports and maintains equilibrium in each trading partner's balance of

The international environment in which the business is operating is very important. The import-export balances, exchange rates, and foreign competition all alter and affect trade. The import-export balance is the acceptable balance of imports and exports in a country. It is measured by the balance of trade and balance of payments. The balance of trade is the difference between a country’s imports and exports, which can result in a trade deficit or trade surplus. The balance of payments is the flow of money in and out of the country. The exchange rate is the rate at which a nations currency can be exchanged for another nations currency. When the exchange rate fluctuates, it can have a large impact on a country’s balance of trade. If the exchange rate moves in a way that domestic currency strengthens, exports will end up costing more when in foreign currency. This will lead to foreigners finding other options and exports will decline. At the

The depreciation of naira over the years has caused many firms especially the import dependent firms to suffer many loses as a result of exchange rate fluctuations. This has further led to difficulty in

The economy exchange rate: If a start-up business buying products from abroad, than the exchange rate will impacts on the piece of goods. This will affect a start-up business because if the exchange rates are like 2 Euros to the £1 than they will make profit but if the exchange rate is like 1 Euros to the £1 than they won’t be able to make profit.

Journal written by Robert G.Rulland from Northeastern University and Timothy S.Dauprik from Univesity of South Carolina discussed about the foreign currency translation and behaviour of exchange rate. Consequently, the first controversy is which translation method provides the most meaningful translation gains and losses, for example which method provides the most reasonable measure of the foreign entity's exposure to movements in exchange rates. The second controversy is whether translation gains and losses should be reported in the income statement or whether they should be deferred and shown in the stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet. Two major controversies exist in the translation of foreign currency financial statements is first which translation method should be used, and the second is how should the resulting translation gains and losses be reported. When items translated at current exchange rates, translation gains and losses result. Translation methods vary as, to which balance sheet items translated at current and which at historical exchange rates. This paper proposes two criteria for settling these questions which are based upon the actual pattern of exchange rates existing between the U.S. dollar and other currencies .It is argued that application of these criteria would result in a more objective and economically meaningful translation process than exists under current rules.

Consequences regarding the international businesses and the flow of trade and investment among the three countries are given below as benefits and drawbacks of holding fixed exchange rate system-

Variability in exchange rate is a major source of macroeconomic uncertainity affecting firms. After the 1970 's, the rapid expansion in international trade and adoption of floating exchange rate regimes by many countries led to increase exchange rate volatility. The firm 's exposure to exchange rate risk increased.

As an International trade corporation, we buy goods in foreign countries and sell it to other countries for a price difference and so to gain profit. The cost of purchasing goods in foreign countries are the majority part of our cost. The cost of purchasing goods in a foreign would fluctuate as the exchange rate of that country fluctuate. Most of times, one country’s exchange rate can be very volatile in the short term. Sometimes it is beneficial to our profit but sometimes it can cause increasing in our cost. When the exchange rate went to the direction that we don 't want it to be, the price difference advantages we have gained from purchasing goods in foreign countries would be eroded and it would eventually hurt our profit from selling goods in our country or other countries.

Economic and the currency: first of all, every business is trying to avoid risk, therefor, the economic status of a foreign country is what the company looking for, they want the low unemployment rate, inflation rate and stable economic environment. Furthermore, the currency difference will change the product price strategy.

If the exchange rate increases in value against other currencies, imports become cheaper and exports more expensive on world markets. Over time, people respond to these relative price movements and the demand for exports falls and the demand for imports rises. A stronger currency will worsen net exports, whereas a weaker currency will improve the figure. Also, for example if a fall in the UK price level causes UK interest rates to fall, the real exchange rate

Exchange rate represents the external value of a currency. Changes in exchange rates may affect the relative position of a country in the international trade. Politicians and economists concern about exchange rate variability for lots of reasons, among which that the exchange rate variability discourages trade comes first. However, a large empirical literature on this issue does not confirm a significant effect of exchange rate on the volume of trade [1]. Instead other variables such as employment should be much more important from a practical point of view, for it is closely related to people’s livelihood.

• Financial management effort: To minimize the risk of exchange-rate fluctuation and transactions processes of export activity the financial management needs more capacity to cope the major effort