The Impact Of Ffp Regulations On The Competitive Balance Of The Football Club

There have been previous studies of pass networks in football, but these have tended to concentrate on things like the passes between specific pairs of players. Luis Enrique(Manager, FC Barcelona) and colleagues have looked more deeply into the nature of the networks, searching for what they call “flow motifs” which refer to extended sequences of consecutive passes between specific players. The same concept of characterising different network structures using motifs/patterns of interconnection was developed previously by scientists to study natural systems such as networks of neurons ,genes, and organisms in food

Athletics in colleges in the United States of America forms the fundamental component of inter-college sports. Despite the massive triumph of the NCAA competitions, athletes do need some payments in monetary compensations to reward them for their tireless efforts in the athletics. The chief reasons provided by the NCAA for lack enough income to pay these athletes is that its cravings to uphold its amateur status and those payments would prejudice the veracity of the college athletics. Therefore, in my arguments the college athletes should be paid for the following reasons (Baird 01).

The popularity of college athletics have risen immensely over the past few years. The idea of paying college football athletes has been a continuous debate since the early 1900’s. This paper will debate whether college athletes should be paid a monetary compensation outside of their scholarships. This will be done by examining reasons for and against the monetary revenue for the athletes.

At the beginning of the twentieth century and the outset of the professional sports industry the existence of underpaid players at the premier level of athletics was a legitimate problem. It was this problem that played a role in the fixing of the

From chapter 6-3: Does Baseball Need a Salary Cap? by Neil deMause Perhaps no two words in baseball generate as much controversy and emotion as "salary cap. " Depending on whom you ask, a salary cap would either save the game, destroy the players' union, provide hope for small-market fans, pervert the free market, or create a tangle of red tape that would turn every trade deadline into a battle of wits among dueling "capologists. " Whenever owners and players have to negotiate a new collective bargaining agreement -- the next tussle is scheduled for after the 2006 season -- discussion of a cap is sure to follow.

Recently, the topic of compensating student athletes has become a popular subject of debate within the media. Deciding whether or not to pay student athletes may seem simple at first glance; however, further research into the debate reveals many economic studies that provide persuasive information benefitting one side over the other. Paying student athletes would be more economically efficient and to not allow payment would be considered price fixing, also this would reduce the negative externalities faced by the student athletes in the future. Although paying players would have economic benefits, it would also have high costs to the fans in the form of higher ticket prices and a loss of competition within college sports. Student athletes should

Financial – money coming into the Club, via player sales, sales of match tickets and programmes, club merchandise, subscriptions to SAFC TV (the club’s own on-line TV) and from use of the Stadium as a Conference Venue and for staging Rock Concerts.

The Financial Fair Play draws attention to the reported losses made in European football over the past fifteen years. As football started to grow at an exponential rate, the losses started to mount also. As far back as the early 2000s, several clubs football clubs went bankrupt and faced administration while dealing with huge substantial losses. Prior to the season before the financial fair play was introduced, it was noted that 12 out of the 20 clubs reported an overall loss. This led to the Premier League pre-tax losses reaching an all-time unwanted record of £445 million in 2009/10 and a debt around £3.1 billion in 2008/2009 (Deloitte, 2011). The profitability of the league and its clubs in relation to the Financial Fair Play is determined by the profit and loss accounts (relevant income minus relevant expenses) which aligns with UEFA’s requirement for clubs to break even and improve their profitability. Another two objectives of the regulations mentioned previously also relate to profitability; which are:

Although, the case study of Manchester United gives us a good example of a brand’s ability to globalize, it does not give us a clear picture into how a league as a whole accomplishes these same goals. To get this clear picture of a successful global soccer league we can review a case study by Matthew Holt that examines the UEFA Champions League and its ability to succeed. The UEFA Champions League(UCL) was established after the UEFA European cup started to see more revenue increases based on the increase in television and digital technologies. (Holt, 2007) The goal of the UCL was to increase revenue through a newly structured European club soccer league. The first way that UCL accomplished this was through centralized marketing. This was accomplished through selling the television rights as the UCL brand rather than allowing the clubs to individually sell the rights to the games. This increased the value of the television rights and in turn increased the profitability of the clubs. (Holt, 2007) UEFA sold this UCL brand

Of what importance are the periodic net income numbers if the clubs can always be sold for huge profits?

Economic theory introduces us to four different types of markets: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. Professional sports teams operate in an environment that is different than the typical business structure. The goal of this paper is to look at this industry, in particular the NFL, in an economics context and gain an understanding of the market structure of this unique industry. To do this I will discuss a brief history of the National Football League in the U.S. and how this organization is structured. I will also discuss typical market structures and type of

Of what importance are the periodic net income numbers if the clubs can always be sold for huge profits?

Professional football clubs need revenue. It is vital to the financial survival of a club as they have ultimately become a business. Money is a vital necessity to enable the club to function. From paying ground rent to the funding of the youth system and to even signing players for the clubs, it is fundamental that a club is making a profit. The owners of the clubs will want to see profits being made otherwise the club will eventually no longer be able to function.

A company's break-even point is the amount of sales or revenues that it must generate in order to equal its expenses. In other words, it is the point at which the company neither makes a profit nor suffers a loss. Calculating the break-even point (through break-even analysis) can provide a simple, yet powerful quantitative tool for managers. In its simplest form, break-even analysis provides insight into whether or not revenue from a product or service has the ability to cover the relevant costs of production of that product or service. Managers can use this information in making a wide range of business decisions, including setting prices, preparing competitive bids, and applying for loans.

It has been suggested that the UCL is a product of societal evolution. After forty years without change the European Cup had become commercially obsolete to broadcasters and sponsors due to the lack of guaranteed matches involving Europe’s biggest clubs (Ahlstrom, 2002). The knockout format allowed for clubs who would bring in large sums of revenue to be eliminated after merely two games.