The Impact Of Imsi Catchers On Mobile Phone Towers On Gsm Networks

The case facts clearly state that information was available to Mr. Comerford regarding the tracking of his phone’s International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). In fact, they could be found on a website address printed in the phone manual. Additionally, as an ex-attorney, Mr. Comerford should be aware of tracking technology to

A networking framework in which devices communicated with each other by first going through an Access Point (AP). In infrastructure mode wireless devices can communicate with each other or can communicate with a wired network. With one AP is connected to wired network and a set of wireless stations it is referred to as a Basic Service Set (BSS). An extended service set (ESS) is a set of two or more BSSs that from a single sub network. Most corporate wireless LAN operates in infrastructure mode because they require access to the wireless LAN in order to use services such as file services or printers. A cellular network or mobile network is a wireless infrastructure base network distributed over land areas called cells.

A mobile phone works on a unique networked system which needs no wiring, no fixation and no botheration. Originally it was used in cars, airlines, and passenger trains but increasingly it is becoming ubiquitous. It is basically low- power radio telephone. In this magical system calls go through radio transmitters that are located within small geographical unit which are known as cells. Since each cell's signals are too weak to interfere with those of other cells operating on the same frequencies and more channels can be used than would be possible with high power radio frequency transmission. Narrow-band frequency modulation (FM) is the most common mode of transmission, each message is assigned a carrier, unique to the cell from which it is transmitted.

Cellular system divides the area into cells where mobile units are located and aims to increase the capacity of the channel with an efficient level of quality of service. Channel access can be achieved through: Frequency division multiple-access (FDMA), Time division multiple-access (TDMA), Code division multiple-access (CDMA), and Space Division Multiple access (SDMA). In this paper we will focus on SDMA systems.

Mobile telephone call: A mobile device initiates a call by sending the number of the called device on the preselected setup channel. In this process, the the mobile device firstly checks whether the setup channel is idle by examining information that comes from the BS channel. If it finds that the setup channel is idle, the mobile device may transmit the information of number to the BS. The BS then sends the request to the MTSO.

Femtocells, also known as ‘home base stations’, are small low power cellular network access points that connect standard 3GPP devices to a mobile operator’s network using residential Digital Subscriber Line

First within each cell, a mobile phone tower or base station will be found to send and receive the mobile transmissions. A mobile device will connect to the nearest or least congested base station

With the facilities of Android that provides LBS (Location-Based Service) components for retrieving information about where a mobile device is located, a system that retrieves the location of lost mobile and displays its position on the map was developed. In order to track mobile device in indoor areas, cell identifier of GSM network is applied, instead of GPS. In contrast with GPS, cell identifier uses information from base station which uses radio frequency signals to track mobile device. One of the most interesting things about cell phone is that it is really a radio an extremely sophisticated radio, which uses some band of frequency that has the basic working similar to the

3G wireless technology represents the convergence of various 2G wireless telecommunications systems into a single global system that includes both terrestrial and satellite components. One of the most important aspects of 3G wireless technology is its ability to unify existing cellular standards, such as CDMA, GSM, and TDMA, under one umbrella. It improves the efficiency of data can be transferred through the cellular phone. The data transfer rates for third generation mobile telecommunications is up to 2 Megabits per second. Aside from this feature, 3G cellular phones also have conventional voice, fax and data services, as well as high-resolution video and multimedia services which can be used while on the move. It also includes mobile office services such as virtual banking and online-billing, video conferencing, online entertainment and access to the Internet.

1. Authentication: Cellular networks have a large number of subscriber. Each user has to be authenticated to ensure that the correct people are using the network.

A mobile phone or mobile (also called cellphone and handphone) is an electronic device used for mobile telecommunications (mobile telephone, text messaging or data transmission) over a cellular network of specialized base stations known as cell sites. Most current cell phones connect to a cellular network consisting of switching points and base stations (cell sites) owned by a mobile network operator. In addition to the standard voice function, current mobile phones may support many additional services, and

A cell phone is a gadget in telecommunication that uses radio waves over a region of network. A cell station at a fixed location serves the purpose of connecting cellphones wireless transmission for calls, landlines, and internet access (Furht & Ahson, 2016). The cellular phone identifies as a mobile application in the network structure comprising of SIM card and equipment assigning the telephone digits. The cellular phones are evolving, from the two- way radio to the current pocket-size device. Initially, phones were bulky thus lacking portability and only served in making calls. However, with the advancement in technological uses, the phone has almost similar features of a computer. As stated by Joshi (2016), the additional

GSM phones make use of a SIM card to identify the user 's account. The use of the SIM card allows GSM network users to quickly move their phone number from one GSM phone to another by simply moving the SIM card. Currently GSM networks operate on the 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, and 1900MHz frequency bands. Devices that support all four bands are called quad-band, with those that support 3 or 2 bands called tri-band and dual-band, respectively. In the United States, Cingular operates on the 850 and 1900MHz bands, while T-Mobile operates only on the 1900MHz band.

Mobile Station which can originate or receive calls and can communicate with the concerned BTS.

According to A. Goldsmith (2005), wireless communications technology is asking as functions of mobile access. Since its inception, it has gone through several stages of development. Its wide range of applications to meet growing demand. (A. Goldsmith, 2005) Multipath fading