Evaluation of the Impact of International Environmental Laws on Oil/Gas Production Background National oil companies (NOCs) are reported as having become "key actors within, as well as shapers of the international oil market." (Chen, 2007, p.4) Chen additionally states that in consideration of the shadowing of geopolitics with geology a great many of the world's primary basins are situated countries that have administrative capacity that is limited and governments that are highly authoritarian
BITs International investment law was developed as a response to the inadequacies of the customary international law in protecting foreign property by providing responsibility to host state.[footnoteRef:2] Most of capital exporting countries was developed states which required better market access commitments from capital exporting countries, and also better standards of investment protection.[footnoteRef:3] The failure to conclude multilateral investment agreement forced developed states to find
the international business transaction course of Hofstra School of Law. This research paper addresses potential controversies arising from the investment provisions of KOR-US FTA, particularly focusing on indirect expropriation claims under KOR-US FTA. The beginning chapter provides a brief history of expropriation provisions in bilateral investment treaty. The second chapter discusses indirect expropriation provisions of the NAFTA Chapter 11 and the relevant case law. The final chapter analyzes detailed
International Trade and Foreign Investment Trade and investment are highly connected that could be illustrated as two sides of the same coin. Companies conduct cross-border trade to supply their foreign investment, and they invest abroad to bolster their trade. Moreover, in the liberalisation era, while investors produce and consume both goods and services, an open trading system will provide a bright investment climate. Equally important, international trade and foreign investment have similar dominant
Priorities and Objectives of COMESA The Treaty establishing COMESA binds together free independent sovereign States which have agreed to co-operate in exploiting their natural and human resources for the common good of all their people. In attaining that goal, COMESA recognises that peace, security and stability are basic factors in providing investment, development, trade and regional economic integration. Experience has shown that civil strives; political instabilities and cross-border disputes
the international business transaction course of Hofstra School of Law. This research paper addresses potential controversies arising from the investment provisions of KOR-US FTA, particularly focusing on indirect expropriation claims under KOR-US FTA. The beginning chapter provides a brief history of expropriation provisions in bilateral investment treaty. The second chapter discusses indirect expropriation provisions of the NAFTA Chapter 11 and the relevant case law. The final chapter analyzes
Concern under Indonesia’s Investment Agreements The presences of FDI on tourism in Indonesia, in particular, foreign hotels are not only covered under the GATS, but also international investment agreements. The role of the latter has been increasingly significant as Indonesia has concluded agreements, covering tourism. Specifically, Indonesia has concluded preferential trade agreements (‘PTAs’) that include investment chapters, such as AFTA and ASEAN-Japan FTA although investment has traditionally been
Introduction Considered to be one of the most advanced forms of regional economic integration, the European Union (EU) is an assemblage of 27 countries that share a common goal of mutual prosperity, cooperation and peace. There is no other such union in the world, although it in many ways serves as a model of integration that has so far has not been successfully replicated. Being part of the EU has many advantages and disadvantages for countries. The advantages include access to SEM; funds
Nancy, Sylvia, Flora and Tony 6.2 Group assignment The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is a bilateral free trade agreement between the United States and Europe, covering trade in services, government procurement, rules of origin, technical barriers to trade, agriculture, customs and trade facilitation. If it completed, it will cover the world one-second of GDP. Transatlantic trade and investment partnership agreement is Europe and the United States launched trade preferential
Assessments (SEAs) and Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), within the Canadian oil and gas industry, on both the Federal and Ontario Provincial levels. It factors in the necessary transportation, processes and infrastructure that will be be required for the implementation of the proposed investment. Strategic Environmental Assessment I. Transportation a. Federal & Provincial Rail Regulation b. Transatlantic ii. Refinery a. Partial Refinement Environmental Impact Assessment: Physical Infrastructure