The Impact Of Lithium

Open pit mining creates a hole where groundwater will collect instead of flowing naturally into the watersheds. What water will flow into those watersheds will be contaminated by mercury--from the processing of the ore into taconite pellets and sulfuric acid, causing incredible damage to the ecosystem of the rivers and Lake

The EPA estimates Americans purchase nearly 3 billion batteries each year (D., 2009). A battery is also known as a voltaic cell, and the energy generated and stored by a battery is actually a result of chemical reactions and not mechanical motion. Batteries are contained in nearly every common electronic device, ranging from small devices like smartphones to larger scale products like automobiles, and chemistry is the driving force behind the function of these batteries.Batteries consist of galvanic cells that carry out the production and storage of electrical energy from chemical reactions. The chemical reactions going on inside of the battery are between the oxidant and reductant of Copper and Zinc metals in there Copper-Zinc Voltaic

Since lithium battery is a non-hazardous waste as long as it's disposed when fully or mostly charge, the source of lithium as a hazardous waste is incompletely discharged lithium batteries. Lithium batteries produce this hazardous waste since they contain lithium that becomes dangerous when incompletely discharged. The batteries can be handled as hazardous wastes depending on their reactivity characteristics and hazardous waste attributes. The degree of hazard in lithium battery cells is normally based on several factors including the quantity of accumulated cells, the condition of the cells, storing procedures, transportation, and disposal.

The Efficacy of Lithium in Treating Bipolar Disorder Lithium is a psychotropic drug that became available in 1970 as a mood stabilizing medication for the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. It has been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of manic states, as well as the depression that is concomitant with bipolar disorder. Much research has been done in the short duration of lithium's employment to evaluate its efficacy and side effects. As stated above, "Lithium stabilizes the mood of a bipolar patient, preventing a relapse into either mania or depression" (Kalat, 2004, p.472). Bipolar disorder (also known as manic- depressive illness), is characterized by the presence of the following symptoms: motor

As a counselor works with clients, one may have to work with a client that are taking psychotropic medication. A client named Kimberly disclosed in a session that she has Bipolar Disorder. She is a 19 year old African American woman. Kimberly has been experiencing symptoms of Bipolar Disorder for three years. Before beginning to take lithium, Kimberly has run away from home, displays erratic behaviors, has using marijuana to relieve symptoms, and attempting suicide when experiencing severe depression. Kimberly has also attempted suicide. Kimberly’s mental illness has affected her relationship with her mother and put a financial strain on the household. Kimberly was arrested and charged with the possession of marijuana.

1980). It is not clear why this is, as there does not appear to be

Lithium Carbonate is the most commonly drug that is prescribed for treating bipolar disorder (May, Hickey, Triantis, Palazidou, & Kyriacou, 2015). It works as a mood stabilizer that significantly reduces excessive behaviors and suicidal tendencies. However, the way that lithium exerts its impact on mood is still unknown. One study suggests that key of lithium therapeutic actions are the neuroprotective effects (Malhi, Tanious, Das, Coulston, & Berk 2013). For instance, lithium has been demonstrated to decrease the oxidative stress that involves in multiple episodes of mania and depression. Other study recommends that lithium stabilize electrical

ChosenEvery ore deposit is a non-renewable resource. Having said that it is the job of technology to make the price of a metal competitive, affordable. Initially when not much in demand the technology of mining it, extraction needs to pick up bringing its price down. Later demand may push up its price and the extra expenditure for adding to its supply may become unaffordable, making it appear non-renewable. A stage will come when a particular metal or more metals may have to be recycled as the quantum of it is fixed in nature.

Ever felt frustrated because your phone died while you where in the middle of a text, or call, or even trying to take a picture? Thats because you have the wrong battery. This invention fixes that problem. The lithium-ion battery has been around for decades and it is in almost every electronic know to date. They are in all of your phones and computers. This discovery was one of many very important inventions in American History. Lithium batteries have affected both the social and economic aspect of life in America.

b) Recycling household and car batteries keeps heavy metals such as mercury, lithium and cadmium from being released into our air and water. Heavy metals, when consumed by people and other animals, cause numerous health problems and diseases.

Minerals can affect society in many ways for example; Surface mining destroys vegetation across large areas, increasing erosion. Open-pit mining uses huge quantities of water. Acid mine drainage is pollution caused when dissolved toxic materials wash from mines into nearby lakes and streams. Minerals is approximately 80 percent of mined ore consists of impurities that become wastes after processing. These wastes, called tailings, are usually left in giant piles on the ground or in ponds near the processing plants (Figure 12.9). The tailings contain toxic materials such as cyanide, mercury, and sulfuric acid. Left

A lot of information from different sources was gathered with the purpose of comparing different Li-ion batteries mechanisms, cathode and anode materials, structure and fabrication procedures, and their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Other types of batteries such as the high drain lithium ones are becoming popular due to the increasing use of electronic devices.

Lithium-ion batteries are made from lithium; hence the name. Since lithium is an unstable metal, lithium ions must be made through chemicals. Lithium is used because it is the lightest metal with the highest electrochemical potential. Inside these batteries are a positive electrode called the cathode, an anode or the negative electrode and lithium ions. Theses lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive when it’s being used and vice versa when it’s being charged. For the electrodes not to be combined, there is a separator in between the negative and positive electrodes. Another type of battery is a alkaline batteries, which is made out zinc and manganese dioxide. Alkaline batteries works like other batteries. There is a negative electrode, zinc powder, a positive electrode, manganese dioxide, an electrolyte, potassium hydroxide, a separator, and a brass pin. Once the electrolytes are added, a chemical reaction happens when the manganese dioxide oxidizes and allows the zinc and manganese dioxide to combine to form electricity in the battery. Zinc carbon batteries is another type of battery that is made of carbon and zinc. This battery works when the carbon rod, cathode, in the center collects electrons from the anode, shell of the battery that consists of zinc chloride, part of the battery, which creates a circuit. An electrolyte paste made from ammonium chloride surrounds a piece a paper that keeps the electrons moving and causes the battery to produce

Another perspective to look at it is that social impact mining has. Though it can be difficult to separate the economic impact from the social, because many social issues are the result of poverty. Meaning that if the mining