Joy Jaja
200296673
Economics 280 outline.
THE IMPACT OF VIOLENCE, CRIME AND DRUGS ON POVERTY IN KINGSTON JAMAICA
I. Introduction
A. Background
Poverty serves as a motivation to commit crimes and crime has been a substantial contributing factor to poverty in Jamaica.
• In Kingston, Jamaica the violence that takes place is directed at the citizens of the island. According to the Jamaica Crime and Safety Report in 2014, almost 1200 murders took place in 2013.
• Jamaican on Jamaican violence is a very common type of violence in Kingston, although crimes rarely affect international visitors or tourists.
• In the event that a crime occurs against a tourist or a visitor, the affected can usually be classified into two classifications.
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• I will be providing a chart to outline the demographics of Jamaica.
• It will show the elements that aid the production of poverty.
II. Analysis
A. Development of crime in Jamaica
• Jamaica has issues that can be classified into three:
1st phase happened in1962 and can be classified as the period when property crime was the main type of crime.
2nd phase happened in the late 1970s and can be classified as the onset of crime and violence in Kingston.
3rd phase happened in 1989 and can be classified as the development of crime and violence in Kingston.
B. What drives crime
Employment and violence and crime are key elements when discussing poverty in Kingston.
The rate of unemployment in Kingston is very noticeable. I will be providing an outlined chart on the national employment in Jamaica.
The increase of unemployment and underemployment has been credited to the migration of citizens from rural areas of Kingston where little opportunitirs for employments exists. Although, this integration of citizens only added to the already compounded issue of high demand of employment.
Jamaica has experienced a constant increase in the number of returning deportations from other countries.
Kingston, Jamaica inhabits many inner city communities that are called `garrisons` which is known as the `ghetto` in this research paper.
C. Deportations of criminals
Criminal deportations are a driving force of violence,
Like many other aspects of the Jamaican way of life, colonialism has shaped the way the media in Jamaica functions, but the country has managed to maintain large elements of its culture.
The 1980s and early 90s were home to an extreme wave of criminal activity that swept across much of the country. The dramatic uptick in crime can largely be attributed to the spread of the crack-cocaine epidemic and subsequent “War on Drugs.” New York City, for example, suffered from 2,605 murders and 208,813 burglaries in 1990, at the height of the violence . Much of this criminal activity centered around and affected the poorest individuals in those communities – which often included minorities.
During the 19th century, poverty was widely seen as one of the main drivers of crime(Burney, 161). Many families that were starving were driven to theft. For some lower class families, crime was an easy way out, but for others it was a necessity. Furthermore, education affected crime in various numbers of ways. One direct effect of education is that it reduced the amount of time for criminal activities to those enrolled in school(Wong, 239). The older offenders committing crimes were too late to benefit from the spread of educational opportunities and they were more likely to commit crimes. Overtime, education resulted in a significant decline in juvenile offenders(Wong, 239). The unemployment rate had a significant effect on the crime rate as well. Many people found themselves without jobs and homes. Unemployment implied that the increasing risk of finding a good job encouraged crime.
Before I start diving into the different factors that contribute to high violent crime rates, it’s helpful
Blacktown’s economic competitiveness is vulnerable by an inadequate supply of knowledge-intensive industries and also a supply of the required labour in the local government areas. This is evident in a record of statistical data relating to the number of people in Blacktown employed in management and professional occupation. In comparison to Blacktown to the rest of Sydney, it is conveyed that Blacktown city is significantly less by reading the analysis of the employment status of people aged 18 to 24 years (as a percentage of the labour force) in
The music industry in Jamaica is one of the most influential in the world. Popular music genres such as reggae and dancehall was both originated in Jamaica. Likewise, rap and hip hop was stated by a Jamaican, called Kool Herc. Bob Marley is also a famous music artist from Jamaica. His music played an important role in many movements in Jamaica and all over the world. The most famous one is the fight against apartheid in South Africa. Dancing is also important in Jamaica. A famous proverb in Jamaica, is that “those who can’t dance, blame it on the music”. In all african countries, music and dancing is really normal and it’s like this in Jamaica too. It is normal to dance on the streets in public and have fun, while listening to music. By all means music and dancing is undoubtedly important for Jamaica and the culture is mostly based around
The island of Jamaica is very rich in culture and has many historic turnabouts throughout the years. The country has a rich and complex history including being the first country to have Arawak and Taino Indians settle there.
Jamaica is a land of diverse cultures. It has a number of different racial ethnic groups .The largest group however is the blacks or Africans so 'Jamaica’s culture' is predominantly black. Interwoven is also the European culture which these blacks learnt from their former white slaves masters. You will find Indians living in Jamaica also. Many Indians came to Jamaica as indentured servants and stayed, they too have an input in the Jamaica’s culture.
The people of Jamaica have no influence on the daily economic decisions that affect their lives. For almost 25 years, Jamaica has been able to keep a very small percentage of its national revenue because of agencies like the World Bank and IMF. While other big name countries continue to grow economically, these
The given line chart shows how the crimes changed during a 35-year period from 1970 to 2005 in England and Wales, including car theft, house burgling as well as street robbery.
Many countries witness an increase in the crime rate. There are many reasons for this. This essay will discuss the poverty and immigration as causes and subsidize unemployed workers and set high requirements for immigration as solutions for this problem.
A violent crime occurs every 23.5 seconds in the United States of America. Even though crime has been at a low during the past decade, violence is still prevalent in today’s society. Most of these crimes happen in places that are socio-economically disadvantaged. There then is the debate of whether violent crime is associated with environments struck with poverty. There is a correlation between violent crimes and poverty because of the unemployment rates in major cities, the culture of poor areas, and drugs.
There are plenty of reasons why Jamaica is so filled with crime. There are drugs everywhere, as it is located in
“Many people living in poverty do not want to be living in poverty. In order to obtain a higher level of socioeconomic status, crime is seen as the only option.” (Wilson, 1987).
Poverty and the relationship it has to crime is a long standing sociological, humanists and historical phenomenon. From the plight of the third world to the violence soaked inner city streets of the 1980’s, the relationship of crime and poverty has been the source of a great deal of social commentary. In societies throughout the world and throughout history there has always been a traditional measure of deviance through relative income gaps. Both poverty and crime as well as their connections are heavily weighed topics of political and social discourse. Opinions in these areas contain a great deal of variance. The prejudices of the old guard from the professional police era still utilize association with poverty as a measuring stick for social deviance. Meanwhile, intelligent social science continues to give insight to factors such as social disorganization, socialization into violence, as well as, the far reaching impact political, economic and justice based policies have on those in poverty.