The Impact of Accounting Systems on Project Funds Absorption Capacity, Case Study of Agricultural Research Projects in Rwanda

Under National Agro-Food Policy, agriculture sector has been identified as a National Key Result Area. Under this initiative, the agriculture sector is targeted to increase the Gross National Income by RM28.9 Billion (USD9.1 billion) to reach RM49.1 billion (USD15.4 billion) by 2020. The agricultural sector is also targeted to create more than 109,000 job opportunities by 2020, primarily in the rural areas.

"I believe in the future of agriculture, with a faith born not of words, but of deeds." These famous words from "The FFA Creed" by E.M. Tiffany outline the basic beliefs of FFA members and agriculturists around the world. But these values, although crucial to the sustaining of our world's ever-increasing population, are growing more and more detached from the people not involved in agriculture. Although food and fiber production has increased in recent years, providing more bushels per acre and more meat per head of cattle, the agriculture industry has come under fire due to an overwhelming majority of people being totally disconnected from the agriculture industry. Today, we'll examine the primary causes of this disconnect, the negative effects on agriculture and our society as a whole that results from it, and how you can help solve this ever-growing problem.

Throughout time, humans have pushed forward in every aspect in life in order to improve their living standards, wealth and most importantly the agricultural sector which is the base of every human race. Food is the basic requirement for any individual to stay alive and healthy. In an article by Tamsin McMahon, she states that over the past 60 years, the world population has grown from 2.5 billion to 7 billion while world hunger dropped from 40% down to 15% (McMahon T., July 2012). This shows that our agricultural advances through technology have helped control world hunger and decrease it by more than half, but this is a short-term solution if we want to consider the future generations that depend on our current actions toward the three main pillars of agriculture which are: Health and nutrition, Economy and sustainability all while considering the local small farms and corporate farms.

South Asia is one of the most densely populated regions of the world, where despite a slow growth, agriculture remains the backbone of rural economy as it employs one half to over 90 percent of the labor force. Both extensive and intensive policy measures for agriculture

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In light of this, I would like to explore research frontiers in the area of the challenges of managing food and farm businesses in a global setting of the 21st Century. In our society beleaguered by agricultural problems that ranges from economic to environmental problems such as weather and global warming, issues concerning trade and management of agricultural enterprises has been the topic of debate for the past decade. Many developing/poor countries who earn their living from agriculture continuously suffer from poverty and hunger as a result of the increasing pressures on the world's resource base. Policymakers are gripped with finding solutions to problems such as structural and technological constraints, inappropriate domestic policies and an unfavourable external economic environment. As a result, the growth of these economies has been slow, undernourishment has been increasing and the marginalization of these countries in the global economy has continued. This trend has created problems for developing countries over the past decade. Economic and financial

EU is an important economic group in the world. And now EU is the second biggest agribusiness partner to New Zealand in the world. EU has sufficient natural resource and has created a big number of agribusiness employments. Also, EU has compared better agriculture supply chain which providing verity agribusiness production to domestic and international markets. In addition, it is necessary to notice there is a huge market which could be an opportunity to export. As a unit, EU successfully supports their local farmers and development of agriculture. However, it still gets some issues which challenge their agriculture in future.

Target 2.a focuses on the importance of investing in agriculture in terms of rural infrastructure, agricultural research and technology (including gene banks) to increase agricultural productivity capacity, especially in least developed countries. This target is

Agriculture, presently contributes less than 28% of the GDP of Nigeria, ironically holds the key for the accelerated growth and diversification and job creation for Nigerian economy. No country of the world has moved to industrialized economy status without passing through the transformation of the agricultural sector.

The acceleration of overall economic growth over the past decade (until the onset of the global economic and financial crisis) has been accompanied by a significant acceleration in the growth of credit in the economy. This broad trend suggests that high economic growth has been accompanied by financial deepening. However, despite such expansion of the financial sector, increasing concern has been expressed on financial inclusion in recent years (Mohan, 2012)1. One of the key feature of financial deepening is that it accelerates economic growth through the expansion of access to those who do not have adequate finance themselves (ibid. 2012)2; and among all those who do not have finance, the farming community in the agricultural sector has been the most prominent one in all the developing countries in general and India in particular.

A MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DEGREE.

BEING A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA, ABUJA, NIGERIA

According to the expert group on Financial Inclusion (GOI, 2008) only 27% of farmers have access to institutional credit. It is true that there have been some improvements in flow of farm credit in recent years. However, the Government has to be sensitive to the four distributional aspects of agricultural credit. These are:

In such a setting, the future economic objective of the New Zealand community would be that of strengthening the economic sectors in order to further support production. And in this sense, it has to be noted that the sector with the lowest levels of production (measured by percentage of GDP contribution), and also the sector generating the least employment opportunities, is represented by agriculture. And this issue should be addressed by the players in the New Zealand economic sector.