The Impact of Contemporary Urban Planning Principles and the Setback Regulations Implemented in Riyadh

Rapid urbanisation has caused a variety of problems, including transport congestion, lack of sufficient homes and living conditions, sanitary and health care issues, and crime. For all these problems, city planners have attempted potential solutions, each with varying degrees of success. Cities including London, Manila and Mumbai have several of the aforementioned problems, and have each tried their own potential solutions. This essay will discuss how successful these schemes have been in resolving these issues.

In the Middle East, Saudi Arabia is the largest arid country (Al-Ibrahim, 1991). The country covers some 80 percent of the Arabian Peninsula (Al-Hamzi, 1992). The area of Saudi Arabia is 2.25 million square kilometers, equivalent (1.4) million square miles (Batayneh, 2012). The total number population in Saudi Arabia is 25.7 million (Al-Shayaa et al., 2012). Saudi Arabia climate is broiling in the summer and chilly in the winter, and Saudi Arabia does not have well-defined season. In addition, Saudi Arabia is waterless country, and it does not have rivers or lakes (Al-Shayaa et al., 2012).

Saudi Arabia has made tremendous milestones in claiming its deserved position as a renowned world economy. In its bid to take its place among the club of the world’s largest economies, Saudi Arabia has had to make numerous economic development activities since the 1970s. First and foremost was the elevation of the oil mining status to the largest oil reserves or mining countries of the world. Huge amounts of revenue from the sale of oil boosted the establishment of various projects that the country had much desired. The Oil reserves became the countries single largest source of revenue that would drive the country from the underdeveloped sphere to the doorstep of the wealthiest nations. The government of Saudi Arabia has set the development of the country’s economy since the 1970s to conform to a predetermined five-year plans starting with the year 1970-1975 (Al Mallakh & el Mallakh, 2015). These are set as a focus on the long-term goals of the economy set out as achievable goals within a five-year implementation process.This has led to massive economic developments of the country throughout the ages; some of the milestones that the country has made economically are as discussed.

Planning and management needs to happen in all countries over the world because no matter how different the level of development between countries the problems will be same in urban areas. These problems that need to be planned and managed in the urban areas of the city are becoming increasingly significant due to the fact that there has been a hug increase in the number of people living in cities worldwide, just over fifty percent of the world are now living in urban areas. The main reason for this is the huge increase in urbanisation which is defined as an increase in the proportion of

The city was becoming an inhumane place to live and today present different view. We are experiencing the emergence of a new urbanism that, unlike traditional planning does not seek the satisfaction only, of the maximum economic efficiency of a city, where the flow of capital, selling cars, real estate speculation and manufacturing productivity are above the minimum human needs. The "New Urbanism" offers a balanced city, where economic, social and environmental are in the same plane of importance, where humans and their physiological and psychological needs are the starting point of urban planning. The New Urbanism simply proposes a human city; we might well call, planning of the city for the Humans.

Saudi Arabia is one of the most conservative Islamic states. The Islam is the religion that dominates all aspects of the citizen’s lives. The Islamic interpretations effects the politics, economics, businesses, and communications with other nations. For instance, Saudi Arabia and The United States have different views

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country with a history of political dynamic. It was

The Middle East is by no means a westernized area of the world; however there are staple factors that make it seem “democratized.” Its legitimacy weary, the Middle East is fantastic at growing its governments based on the Medina Constitution. However, there is one particular area of the world that is both deeply religiously rooted and contemporary at the same time. Saudi Arabia has created the impossible through economic, political, and social legitimacy that not only defies western ideology but is accepted as the most modern version of the Middle East using their economic and religious legitimacy. It can be described as a single tribe full of all chiefs and no Indians and as seen as any other Arab country, only

Cities are in a constant process of transformation and the way in which they are designed and re-designed might affect the rationale use of public spaces and its temporary appropriation.

The new urbanism movement starts 1980 in the USA and is now increase widespread exposure and gained support. emerged over the last ten to fifteen years predominantly in USA, UK Australia, and Canada,.New Urbanism are a planning and development leave based on the principles of how cities and towns had been built for the last centuries: walkable blocks and streets,housing,schools and shopping in close proximity, and accessible public spaces. New Urbanism focuses on human-scaled and needs urban design always change by the climate change We create tools to reform zoning and street design and develop under-utilised building types—like shopfront houses and courtyard units—that contribute to diverse neighbourhoods. We advocate for villages, towns,

Every nation has its own unique individual identity. For many of these areas, their current condition is a blend between history and tradition. Saudi Arabia, like many others, is a perfect example of a kingdom influenced heavily by its experiences, and is also known to grow on a basis of tradition. In fact, Saudi Arabia is specifically known to adhere to one specific aspect: religion. It can be seen that this kingdom has intertwined culture and religion to dictate the rules and regulations of its people. This, in turn, navigates the political system; which ultimately results in an impact on the behavior or social construction of the populase there. For instance, a contemporary issue that is heatedly in discussion currently is about the rights of women in this kingdom.

In the passages it is said that vertical expansion is something needed to be added to the way urban area are constructed. So, the author uses facts, logical reasoning, and rhetorical devices to persuade an audience that vertical expansion of urban areas is a good idea.

This unitary Islamic absolute monarchy “possesses 18 per cent of the world’s proven petroleum reserves and ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum” (OPEC, 2015), also is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. The oil production is responsible for about 50% of the Gross Domestic Product, and about 85% of export earnings (OPEC). Although it is the world’s greatest exporter, its GDP per capita is only $24,454. Saudi Arabia ranks weakly on the Human Development Index as number 59 of the 182 states in the world, and it is only number 8 between the other MENA countries. Although Saudi Arabia’s elite is very wealthy and large, a great portion of the population barely receives profits from the state's wealth. It is ranked as not free relating to civil liberties and also ranked as suffering hard from corruption. Also, the political parties in Saudi Arabia are banned, and political organizations that oppose may only exist outside the country (Freedom House, 2015). Even before the discovery of oil, the family that was in power depended on the merchants of Jeddah, a Saudi Arabian city, to collect their taxes. When oil was discovered in Saudi Arabia, that is when the country started to develop, just like the United Arab Emirates. It can be said that if a country has strong institutions, stable economy, and a flexible political system, they

The purpose of this paper is to review the key ideas of the Garden City Movement and to discuss how his ideas have been developed and revised in the latter urban planning theories, which are, the Garden Suburb, Satellite City, the New Towns Movement and the New Urbanism.

First of all, to start building a city an urban pattern has to be established, this will make the city look much more organized and well thought. A pattern can be chosen from a whole list of working patterns for a city. Establishing a grid is a common way of equally distributing the city. However, we want to keep in mind, that important buildings, such as businesses, and government buildings must be accessible to the public, but separated from the rest of the city. We have great examples of grids such as New York City, in New York, United States, or Mississauga City, in Toronto ,Canada. Although, when building from scratch it is not possible to leave aside what has already been built, a city indeed has to adapt to what is already existing, as well as to the new global economy, social and political trends, and new issues that arise in the new era, this also changes the structure and tradition of building and forming urban patterns. Using the existing patterns, combined with new ones, both patterns can collide and make new forms in city blocks. Results vary from city to city, but the essence is the same in all of them; old and new patterns coming together to create unplanned shapes, a new form of Urbanism, based on new and old patterns, aiming to satisfy the needs of the modern world. A great example is New York