The Impact of Lipolysis on Different Cheese Varieties

In this experiment, 4 grams of peeled turnip was used to prepare the enzyme extract opposed to the 1 gram of turnip suggested by Fundamentals of Life Science. Along with the change to the amount of turnip used, the amount of 0.1M phosphate buffer used to prepare the enzyme extract was changed from 50mL to 30mL. The affect of temperature on enzyme activity was not

The percentage of fat-free meat is calculated correctly. However, the percentage of fat was calculated incorrectly because water is acetone-soluble thus water was also extracted along with the fat. As a result, the percentage of fat in the meat was overestimated.

Relevance to Audience: I’m sure everyone in this room has consumed a dairy product whether it be an ice cold glass of milk with cookies, or a nice piece of cheese on a big juicy burger.

The use of multiple test tubes and Parafilm was used for each experiment. Catechol, potato juice, pH 7 phosphate buffer, and stock potato extract 1:1 will be used to conduct the following experiments: temperature effect on enzyme activity, the effect of pH on enzyme action, the effect of enzyme concentration, and the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. For the temperature effect on enzyme activity, three test tube were filled with three ml of pH 7 phosphate buffer and each test tube was labels 1.5 degrees Celsius, 20 °C, and 60 °C. The first test tube was placed in an ice-water bath, the second test tube was left at room temperature, and the third test tube was placed in approximately 60°C of warm water. After filling the test tubes with three ml of the

The hypothesis stated that if the concentration of Catalase increases from 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, then the percentage difference in the temperature (degrees) of the liquefied spinach will increase, until the Catalase is no longer the limiting factor, and thus the temperature difference (degrees) will plateau. The hypothesis was tested by adding 50ml of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into four different concentrations of Catalase (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). The temperature of the Catalase was measured before and 30 seconds after the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) had been added. It was discovered that the rate of reaction initially increased as the concentration of Catalase increased, but started to plateau after the 75% concentrated catalase. Therefore, the hypothesis of this experiment was

Enzymes are proteins which can catalyse chemical reactions without changing themselves. The enzyme lipase breaks down the fat in dairy products such as full-cream milk for people who are lactose intolerant. Lipase acts on its specific substrate, lipids produces fatty acids. If enzyme concentration increases, random collisions between the substrates and active sites of enzyme increase due to the increasing amount of active sites which allow more collisions to happen, so the rate of breakdown of lipids to simpler substances will increase. During the experiment, sodium carbonate solution and pH indicator phenolphthalein will be added ahead of

Either pasteurized or raw milk is used to make cheese. When the cheese is made from raw milk, the final product has different flavors and texture characteristics. The raw milk is always heated for a bit in order to destroy any pathogenic organisms that could spoil the product and to give the cheese cultures optimum condition. Pasteurized milk is pasteurized for the same reason. Cheeses like cheddar or Swiss use the enzyme rennet in order to coagulate or clot the milk to form a curd. This is why the cheeses that are made are so different from each other. As noted earlier rennet is obtained from the stomach of ruminant mammals, mainly young calves and lambs. This is unfortunate because these young mammals require this enzyme in order to digest their mother’s milk. The enzymes used in cheese production are quiet important to manufacturers. They provide different aromas, textures and flavors according to the preferences of people. They also provide a longer shelf life and are always aged for no less than 60 days. However, the continuous use of artificial enzymes can reduce the amount of enzymes in your everyday diet. (Andrews, J,

The first objective is to study the effect of food processing on molecular structure of processed food. This objective will be achieved through applying detailed molecular structure characterization studies on food processed under different processing parameters. This objective is aiming fundamental knowledge on processing effect on food structure with relating food structure to their functionality.

An experiment was performed to test how temperature variations affect enzymatic activity of the enzyme amylase. The results of the experiment will also determine the optimal temperature of the amylase enzyme. The results of the experiment provide evidence for determining the environments that the enzyme amylase would most likely be present. By determining the possible environments, one can predict what and how environmental factors will affect the enzyme amylase. Two forms of amylase (Bacterial - Bacillus licheniformis and Fungal - Aspergyllus oryzae) were combined with starch molecules at four different temperatures (0⁰, 25⁰, 65⁰, 85⁰ Celsius). The combination of starch and the amylase enzyme resulted in a visual chemical reaction that was recorded. The enzyme activity was recorded every two minutes, starting at 0 and ending at 10. The start time 0 served as the control group of the experiment. The results concluded that both bacterial and fungal amylase has an optimal temperature around 65⁰C. This was possible to determine by recording the color change of the spot plate wells. Amylase catalyzes efficiently at its optimal temperature which resulted in yellow spot plate wells. Enzymatic activity decreased when the temperature was less than 65⁰C, resulting in a green-brown well. The green wells indicated that starch wasn’t broken down completely and was still present. Temperatures greater than 65⁰C resulted dark-green wells which resembled the denaturing of

Everyone has a favorite food and mine happens to be a one-inch thick, boneless Ribeye steak cooked medium, after being seasoned with Montreal Seasoning, and lastly paired with Peter Luger’s Steak Sauce. The Montreal seasoning is a combination of coarse spices black pepper, red pepper, salt and also included are garlic and paprika. In addition, the seasoning provides flavor and acts as a meat tenderizer. Next, the steak is put on a hot grill, a great sizzling soon is heard alerting to the wonderful aroma that will be wafting through the air. Very carefully, the steak is monitored and cooked for about ten minutes. The Ribeye is placed on a serving platter and allowed to rest. The seared grilled marks depicts a sight of readiness. The first effortless

Foods such as cheese included in the product will have to be chosen offering longer shelf lives;

The point of this lab was to identify the major components of milk. It was also used to understand polar and non-polar properties to make a separation diagram.

Sosa wanted to share those memories with everyone—with his own spin, of course (after all, traditional doesn't mean unchanging, especially for this modern chef). In this reimagining of one of his favorite family breakfast recipes, using Arla Original Cream Cheese, Sosa “really wanted the recipe to evolve.” The hulled barley and fresh corn are also adaptations on the original, a way to add dietary fiber and nutrients to the pudding and make this what Sosa calls “the healthier

In general, aminopeptidases are efficient in reducing the bitterness and play a vital role in enzymatic hydrolysis of protein. Bitter flavor of tryptic hydrolysate of casein was minimized after it was incubated with aminopeptidase from Erwinia ananas. The crude enzyme extract of L.casei (mixer of aminopeptidase, x-prolydipeptidyl peptidase, and proline-iminopeptidase) mixed with neutrase produced cheddar cheese without any bitter taste or bad flavor. Aminopeptidase T from Thermus aaquaticus YT-1 decreased the bitterness of casein hydrolysates by producing more free amino acids(Saha and Hayashi

Lipase is the enzyme that also known as triacylglycerol acylhydrolase with EC number 3.1.1.3. It is part of hydrolases family that act on carboxylic ester bond. It had been widely used as biocatalysts in biological process. Most of the lipase was expressed from natural resources such as plant, animal and microorganism. Lipases expressed from microorganism particularly interest due to easy production, capability to adapt in industrial application (Wang et al., 2017), stability in organic solvent, no cofactor required and broad substrate specification (Aravindan et al, 2006). The function of the lipase is to breakdown the triacylglycerol into free fatty acid and glycerol. In addition, it also involved in many synthesis reaction such as esterification, transesterification and aminolysis (Rivera et al., 2017). Due to its ability to breakdown lipid and many biological reactions, lipase is commercially used in large scale production.