What Is The Impact Of New Materials On Product Deisng In 20th And 21st Centuries

In marketing, there is a tool that is very useful to marketing strategy development. This tool is known as the product life cycle. The product life cycle goes through four stages before it is complete or starts over again. The life cycle starts with the introduction of a product, and then the product begins to grow as it is recognized by more markets and is delivered to through more channels. After the growth period, a product reaches maturity where there has competitors and sales do not match up with profit. This is the time where marketing strategists reevaluate and try to remarket the product. The last stage is the decline. This is where the seller decides to cut

The product designers must look at various material things when designing with possibly natural materials such as wood.

Advances in building materials continually improve and in turn boost living standards while reducing environmental impact. While some of these improvements only exist in research labs, many new building material advancements benefit the trade today. A few of these improvements come in the form of stronger, longer lasting building mediums, while others reduce carbon footprint and waste during production. Upgrades such as these increase structure lifespan, save the environment and reduce the number of new builds required to serve landowner needs.

Wood, “ hard, tough substance that forms the trunks of trees, and that has been used for thousands of years as a fuel and as a material of construction” (“Wood”) is a big part of the world as it is used universally for a lot of activities. For example to build a house you have to use wood, to build a bed you most likely have to use wood, to build your own chair you most likely have to use wood, and etc. The way people use wood is starting to place limitations on the environment and the availability of carbon and other resources important to restore our oxygen. The overall consensus of carpentry and woodworking is what is leading to the deterioration of the amount of trees that are available on the planet whether it's for construction or personal projects. The world needs to limit the amount of trees being slain and take precaution to save the environment. The more trees being the cut the less resources and available oxygen and CO2 we have, and the risks of workers of wood is a serious issue. Many of woodworkers put themselves in

These composite materials have a high strength to weight ratio, which can allow planes to be bigger and lighter. Even though there are many benefits some drawbacks to composite materials are the inability to see whether there are cracks on the surface and repairing any damage. According to UK chemist Paul Weaver from the University of Bristol these types of repairs are currently a drawback to widespread use of composite materials(“Changing Planes”). Manufacturing composite materials is a more exhaustive labor process compared to conventional aluminum. Brian Smith, director of Boeing research and Technology explains that in order to manufacture the composite material components, many layers of material are stacked and then heated under pressure in a furnace to achieve optimum stiffness and resistance to buckling (“Changing Planes”). This long process is hoped to be curved in the near future where machines will be able to heat the materials together without having to be put into a furnace. While these drawbacks can be costly, in the long term they will pay of. Aircraft can be much lighter which greatly reduces fuel cost, also allowing for bigger planes that allow more passenger. In the long term the planes will pay themselves of.

When compared to other building materials, “wood is by far the most sustainable choice” as well as the most efficient material in regards to both embodied energy and environmental impact. Existing comparisons between wood and traditional building materials have already been undertaken, however the emphasis is on light wood framing as opposed to CLT. As CLT is subject to additional manufacturing processes such as bonding, and involves the use of substantial more wood product (at least three times more), it naturally has a higher environmental footprint than light wood framing thus making these comparisons unreliable when comparing CLT to other building materials.

Choosing the right timber is important depending on the application in which you intend to use the material.

All strands utilized as a part of polymer building composites can be isolated into two classes, to be specific synthetic and natural fibers. Synthetic fibers are the most widely recognized. Albeit there are numerous sorts of engineered filaments, glass, carbon and aramid strands speak to the most essential. Kevlar is a sweet-smelling polyamide or aramid fiber presented in 1970s by DuPont. It was the first natural fiber with adequate elasticity and modulus to be utilized as a part of cutting edge composites (Dupont.com, 2015). It has to take five times the rigidity of steel with a relating tractable modulus. Initially grew as a swap for steel in spiral tires, Kevlar is currently utilized as a part of an extensive variety of uses. It is an exchange name of aramid fiber. The U.S. Government Trade Commission gives a decent meaning of an aramid fiber as a fiber in which the framing substance is a long chain manufactured polyamide in which no less than 85% of the amide linkages are joined straightforwardly to two sweet-smelling rings (Hancox, 1993).

Waste has been cataloged as a discrepancy within the system. This means that generators of wastes have created and designed a series of mistaken processes. According to Connet (n.d.), “Waste is the evidence that we are doing something wrong” (p. 1). Therefore, there is more beyond the concept of waste and its generation. It is not only the approach of how to dispose the waste or how to develop modern advance technologies that at some extent diminish wastes, but to reduce the levels of consumerism and to develop a closed loop as in electrical engineering, where the current (wastes) is not allow to move outside the loop. For Connet (n.d.) “instead of trying to become more sophisticated about getting rid of waste, we have to stop buying things we do not need, and industries have to stop making things, which cannot be reuse in some way” (p. 1). Certainly, there is the need for the industry to focus on product re-designed, in which the product life cycle does not end in disposing or any method that consumes energy for treatment or transformation, but to have a product that can be regenerated as usable and also be viable for substituting as virgin materials.

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R L Timings describes materials as being a vital part of the evolution of mankind. He stated that our ability to use and develop materials to satisfy a human requirement is what really set us apart from other animals. This started from building weapons by manipulating stone and wood to hunt and defend territory. He goes on to say this lead to building tools to cultivate land and to manufacture artefacts such as cooking utensils. He finishes this part of his writing by listing how materials have developed for today’s uses including housing, transportation medical care and defence for example. This evolution is down to our ever growing knowledge of a materials property’s .There are a vast range of materials in the world of engineering. Each material has physical and mechanical properties that fits them to a specific engineering task. To understand these products we need to understand the materials molecular structure and how engineering processes effect the structure of these materials and in turn effect their properties. In this essay I will be discussing factors effecting mechanical properties, what heat treatment is and why it is used in industry? I will then go into further detail on heat treatment techniques. I will then look into polymers, the two main types of plastics and look into polymer chains and their effect on the materials properties. Then final segment of this text will discuss properties of composite materials and how the structure can influence the properties

Knowledge of the properties of any material is essential for its best utilization. This isespecially true for wood because of its cellular nature and its complex cell wall structure.Wood can be used with intelligence only by understanding its properties (Jozsaand Middleton 1994). The properties of woods are the fundamental basis of timber utilization;they are used to evaluate the suitability of a wood for a particular application.

Manufacturing process is a process of making a raw material to be finished good or semi-finished good so that the materials will have added value. The product could be made by various ways, such as:

The manufacturing sector of the twenty-first century faces a rapid changing market thereby increase in complexity of the manufacturing environment and its processes. An agile manufacturer is one who is the very responsive to the market, operates with the lowest total cost and has the greatest ability to satisfy its customers. Therefore, the manufacturing system has to be responsive enough corresponding to the market demand to achieve proper flow. The designers came up with new methodologies for process design they are, flexible manufacturing system (FMS) and reconfigurable manufacturing processes (RMS).

It is really imperative to produce and use environmental friendly and cost effective materials which can reduce the sound pollution, due to their abundance natural fibres such as wood, coconut shells and hemp are holding great potential of substituting the expensive synthetic fibres from manufactures.