The Implementation Of Structural Adjustment Programs

Out of all nations that publish water sanitation statistics, Haiti is the only country in which there are more individuals today without clean water than there were over twenty years ago (Gelting, Bliss, Patrick, Lockhart, & Handzel, 2013, p. 665). This is largely due to the water crisis occurring in Haiti over the last century. Haiti’s struggles can be derived from the nation’s inability to withstand and recover from natural disasters, economic instability, societal wealth discrepancy, and a cholera outbreak. These differing facets can all be analyzed through the natural, social, and political perspectives in order to demonstrate the severity of the Haitian water crisis, the failure of current attempts at resolution, and the need for further

There is a large gap between the per capita household income of Puerto Rico and the United States. However, when the different costs of living were accounted for and the income differentials adjusted, the per capita household income of Puerto Ricans on the island was 74% of the per capita income of Puerto Ricans on the mainland (Rivera-Batiz, Santiago, 66). Despite the per capita household income increases in Puerto Rico the poverty rates remained extremely high (Rivera-Batiz, Santiago, 75). In 1970, 63% of the population on the island lived in households with income below the poverty level (Rivera-Batiz, Santiago, 75). By 1990, the percentage dropped to 57%. In 1990, the overall poverty rate in the United States was 13% and 30% of those living in poverty were Puerto Rican (Rivera-Batiz, Santiago, 75). Puerto

Within the unprecedented challenges posed by the explosive growth of urban population, the lack of water supply and sanitation is one of the most urgent and harmful issues. The relationship between water supply and cities’ welfare is very important, as cities require a huge supply of fresh water, and in turn, the way in which the city makes use of water has an impact on the availability of fresh water. It is impossible to consider a city as being ‘sustainable’, if it cannot ensure safe access to drinking water and suitable sanitation to its habitants. (Naciones Unidas, 2010)

In spite of existential flaws and errors that have taken place, the deliberate persistence of Cuba’s struggling financial afflictions are an unquestionable result of vast outside restrictions placed upon them. Pressures of this scale, no doubt, would have devastated other countries.

This paper will cover on the changes in the poverty rate from 1959-2013 and also the wages that you need to be over to not be consider poor. Shown in the chart above is the poverty rate from 1959-2013. As it is shown in the chart over the past 54 the poverty rate has significantly has gone down. It has gone down because education in the world has gotten about one hundred percent better than what it was back then. In the years 1970, 1974, and 1980’s the poverty rate spikes back up a little bit. The rate spikes because during those years our country went through a recession. A recession is a period of economic decline in which trade and industrial activity are reduced. This usually happens when there is a fall in GDP. The most recent recession happened in 2008, where we saw a decline in the real-estate business that the country still has not fully recovered from. During a recession the poverty rate would be higher because less people have jobs so they are not making an income like they used

They showed support for socialized health care in Latin America due to the progress it has made and the lives it has changed by providing access to treatments and medicine. The article provides data from multiple countries, allowing for a broad look at each country’s progress rather than an in-depth analysis for one country. The World Bank offers counterarguments to their pro-socialized health care stance by discussing Costa Rica and Jamaica’s financial issues after implementing a socialized health care system, strengthening their argument by recognizing the opposing view. Costa Rica is noticing that “challenges are now emerging as to the sustainability of universal health coverage” and Jamaica is facing “the challenge of improving healthcare access within its budgetary constraints” (The World Bank 2013). They do offer a rebuttal when discussing Guatemala’s challenge to guarantee access to health care by presenting data that shows Guatemala is now providing “basic health and nutrition services to 4.3 million people”, strengthening their argument by looking at book sides of Guatemala’s issue (The World Bank 2013). The World Bank offers data and statistics to support their stance, but they do not cite where they received their information, weakening their argument. There was very little emotional language used to persuade their audience; they created an objective tone throughout. However, the expert opinion they used in the article were from people who are employed by the World Bank. This weakens their argument because they used the experts they employed rather than, finding outside sources who agree with their stance. The World Bank provides loans to developing countries so there may be a vested interest to maintain their reputation as a beneficial organization.

The aim of every Caribbean country is to realize growth and development over time so as to achieve first world status. Most of the Caribbean countries are ranked as middle income countries. These countries realize that achieving first world status is a long term initiative given the many social problems that we face as a Caribbean nation. Among the many social problems that we face, poverty is the most pervasive of them all. Despite the effort of many of these countries to try and eradicate poverty it continues to account for the slow pace at which these countries develop. Commenting on the Caribbean, Carlson (1999) points to two key factors which have greatly impeded the spread and potential for economic growth and development; inequity

We can see authority being established by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) when funding Jamaica. Based on the contract with Jamaica, the IMF and WB controls what Jamaica can spend, the interest rate they can charge, and how they can use their money, to sum it up, they basically have power and influence over Jamaica. Power is shown through the IMF, WB, and multinational corporations, because they have the power to control the debt Jamaica currently has as they continue to import more than they export. This lastly leads to their influence, since the IMF, WB, and multinational corporations now have the power and authority to devalue Jamaica’s money because of the tight grip they now hold on them. Jamaica’s economy

Life was certainly hard then, but, as one resident commented, "Cho, maho; tings worse now:' Despite the bright promises of political and economic "deliverance" made by the Jamaica La­bour Party (TLP) and its major backer, the Ronald Reagan and later George Herbert Walker Bush administrations of the United States government, the 1980s and early 1990s-under the leadership of a much more conservative PNP-brought only a deepened poverty to the folk who people the streets and alleys of slum and shantytown neighborhoods like Oceanview. Deepening poverty was reflected, for example, in a serious decline in the conditions of public health

Poverty, or the inability to afford basic human needs, is an issue that is spread worldwide. There are people everywhere who cannot afford shelter, food, healthcare, or education. It seems easy enough to ignore the bum asking for change on the street, but it becomes near impossible in regions where whole families are begging on the street. This rings true in Latin America and it is extremely frustrating to see social inequality this extreme. This essay will examine how much poverty exists in Latin America, why the amount of poverty is so disproportionate and what can possibly be done to alleviate the amount of poverty in these countries.

In the late 1980s, Cuba looked like a fairly successful developing nation, with the best health care and education in Latin America and a per capita income comparable to that of Costa Rica(comparing to similar country). But the prosperity of the country was inorganic and not self-sustainable, it was completely dependent on Soviet subsidies that accounted for one fourth of its economy . When the Soviet union collapsed its subsidies and the Imports were slowed down and eventually stopped , pushing Cuba into deep economic crisis .This crisis have let to the slowdown of its development .Food shortage were prevalent triggering the human migration both legally and illegally into other countries , creating an imbalance struggle in their

Guatemala suffers from water scarcity and sanitation in water. One of the factors that contributes to this problem is the media. People only report what they want to and sometimes even transmit fixed information which is what is happening in Guatemala. When people take a look at statistics and read articles related to Guatemala’s water issues it is easy to get convinced that their water issues are not critical. Nevertheless, this assumption is inaccurate because when people report that Guatemala’s water issues are improving because they are getting more improved infrastructures it is not true since what is not being reported is that they often stop working and people have to go back to their unhygienic habits. For instance, the texbook, Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Environment: Challenges, Interventions and Preventive Measures, explains why many don't have access to clean water. Graham says, “...many of those counted as having access are left with water systems that will be shortened”(Graham169). In other words, people are not only given systems that won’t last, but also are still counted as having access to water when their systems stop working. Even getting improved infrastructures is not enough since it does not assure that all people have access to drinkable

The condition of water and cleanliness in the world's cities found that water syndication systems are inadequate, typically offering the city's upper- and middle-class neighborhoods but not to the swiftly expanded settlements on the colonial fringe. In addition, the current info on the provision of water and sanitation in colonial areas is very vulnerable and the true scenario is actually far even worse than most international standard suggest.

This paper will discuss poverty, the different types of poverty and their definitions and who is affected by each type of poverty. It will look at the some of the major reasons why poverty exists and what causes poverty, like such things as inequality, stratification and international debt. Some of the impacts of poverty will also be analyzed from a national and global perspective; things like education, literacy rate, and crime. This paper will demonstrate that poverty affects almost everyone in some form or another and exists because those with power and wealth want and need poverty to exist to force a dependence on the wealthy. A few of the main

Harvard Business School’s Case Study “Aid, Debt Relief, and Trade: An agenda for fighting World Poverty” outlines the steps, and missteps, that the world community has taken since World War II to address the efficacy of international assistance. The study focuses on international financial institutions (IFIs) and their ability to help poor nations break out of poverty and the possible obligations of rich, developed countries to assist the heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs). Additionally, the study seeks to see if this assistance has been and can be parlayed into growth and investment for the HIPCs.